Concentrations of trace metals, phthalates, bisphenol A and flame-retardants in toys and other children's products in Israel

Negev, Maya; Berman, Tamar; Reicher, Shay; Sadeh, Menahem; Ardi, Ruti; Shammai, Yaniv

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.132

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The level of phthalate plasticizers in children's products was similar to those reported in other studies conducted in recent decades [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The optimal amount of phthalate plasticizers to be added in PVC and other plastics is likely to depend on the purpose of their addition, unless they are unintentionally added during production processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Kim

Chun

Jung

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children’s products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children’s products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children’s products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children’s products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children’s products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers in children's products such as toys, teethers, and backpacks were analyzed in numerous studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. They were found in various polymeric parts of a product, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Kim

Chun

Jung

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies by Omolaoye et al in 2010 from Nigeria reported higher level Pb and Cd in the range of 2.50-1445.00 mg/kg and 0.50-373.3 mg/kg respectively. Another study by Oyeyeola et al (2017) also in Nigeria detected high levels of Pb and Cd in a range of 36.1-106 mg/kg and 3.55-40.7 mg/kg Cui et al, (2015), Ismail et al, (2017) and Negev et al, (2018).bib_Negev_et_al_2018…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A pediatric health risk assessment of children's toys imported from China into Nigeria

Igweze

Ekhator

Orisakwe

2020

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trade liberalization led to the flooding of the Nigerian markets with ''made in China'' children's toys. Information about metal contamination in toys is vital to ensure the safety of children's product. This is a pediatric health risk assessment of three toxic metals (Pb, Cd and As) in children toys purchased from Nigerian market. Thirty cheap ''made in China'' toys were purchased from stores in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Three toxic metals (Pb, Cd and As) in the thirty toys samples were determined by absorption spectrophotometry. Pb, Cd and As were present in all the toys at levels below the limits set by EU. The oral and dermal exposure risk assessment showed no significant noncarcinogenic and carcinogen health risks of public health concern. Some ''made in China'' toys imported into Nigeria may not add to the body burden of these metals in children.

show abstract

“…Bisphenol A (BPA) is a recognised environmental toxicant and one of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which is widely utilised as a monomer to manufacture various plastic products including food containers and dental sealants (Park et al., 2019; Wang, Liu, et al., ) and thus very easily leached out from these, into foodstuffs and beverages (Negev et al., 2018). Further, it gets hydrolysed by heat or extreme pH that poses a potential risk of exposure to humans and other animals (Vandenberg et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium attenuates bisphenol A incurred damage and apoptosis in mice testes by regulating mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Being a vital micronutrient, along with a trace element, selenium (Se) protects the cells from oxidative stress (OS) in the form of selenoproteins. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xeno‐oestrogenic compound that adversely affects the spermatogenesis process by inducing oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to male infertility. Therefore, it is hypothesised that Se could protect against BPA‐induced OS, and further germ cell death by modifying mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: Group I (C) (0.2 ppm Se), Group II (Se) (0.5 ppm Se), Group III (BPA) (0.2 ppm Se, and BPA = 1 mg/kg orally) and Group IV (Se + BPA) (0.5 ppm Se, and BPA = 1 mg/kg bodyweight orally). Results indicated that BPA‐treated animals demonstrated a marked decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, redox ratio), a marked elevation in the expressions of stress‐activated kinases (c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38) and the expressions of pro‐apoptotic markers (caspase‐9, caspase‐8 and caspase‐3). However, Se supplementation considerably restored the antioxidant enzyme activities and lowered the expressions of stress‐activated kinases, which further down‐regulated the apoptosis. Thus, Se supplementation demonstrated to be effective against BPA provoked testicular damage.

show abstract

Concentrations of trace metals, phthalates, bisphenol A and flame-retardants in toys and other children's products in Israel

Cited by 77 publications

References 39 publications

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

A pediatric health risk assessment of children's toys imported from China into Nigeria

Selenium attenuates bisphenol A incurred damage and apoptosis in mice testes by regulating mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About