Concentrator In2O3:F/(n+pp+)c-Si/Al solar cells with Al-alloyed BSF and Ag-free multi-wire metallization using transparent conductive polymers

High-Mobility Hydrogenated Fluorine-Doped Indium Oxide Film for Passivating Contacts c-Si Solar Cells

“…21,27 It is noteworthy that Untila et al have applied the pyrosol-synthesized IFO film to IFO/ p -Si heterojunction and bifacial c-Si solar cells for low-concentration systems. 21,28,29 Such a high-temperature process limits the application of IFO in low-thermal budget architectures; furthermore, the process is prone to develop an insulating SiO x between the IFO film and doped layers. 28 At present, the low-temperature deposition method of the IFO film has not been well explored, and there has been little work on its application in solar cells with passivating contacts.…”

“…Different approaches have been utilized to fabricate conductive fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO) films, such as chemical vapor deposition at 350–450 °C, pyrosol approach at 310–500 °C, , and electron-beam evaporation at 450–520 °C. , Some reports on reactive ion plating and RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature showed rather high initial resistivity (>1 × 10 –3 Ω cm), requiring an annealing step at a temperature above 400 °C for yielding a highly conductive and transparent film. The ion radius of F – (1.36 Å) is close to that of O 2– (1.40 Å), and substitutional replacement of F – with O 2– is expected to cause minor distortion to the In 2 O 3 lattice. , In terms of material properties, the IFO film was found to have comparable conductivity and better optical transmission in comparison with indium tin oxide (ITO). , It is noteworthy that Untila et al have applied the pyrosol-synthesized IFO film to IFO/ p -Si heterojunction and bifacial c-Si solar cells for low-concentration systems. ,, Such a high-temperature process limits the application of IFO in low-thermal budget architectures; furthermore, the process is prone to develop an insulating SiO x between the IFO film and doped layers . At present, the low-temperature deposition method of the IFO film has not been well explored, and there has been little work on its application in solar cells with passivating contacts.…”

Comparative analysis of a novel low concentration dual photovoltaic/phase change material system with a non-concentrator photovoltaic system

“…The maximum daily energy gain was 167% and 114% as compared to the conventional fixed PV module for first and second variants respectively [19]. Further studies conducted to evaluate the performance of bifacial cells under concentrated irradiance are tabulated in Table.1 [13][14][15] Although, CPV system with bifacial cells produce more electrical power as compared to similar CPV system with mono-facial cells but no thermal management technique can be used by such systems. In the absence of a thermal management system, the bifacial cell temperature increases beyond 90 [19] at a concentration ratio of 3.6 or higher.…”