Concept and Application of Infrared Thermography for Plant Disease Measurement

Shakeel, Qaiser; Bajwa, Rabia Tahir; Rashid, Ifrah; Aslam, Hafiz Muhammad Usman; Iftikhar, Yasir; Mubeen, Mustansar; Li, Guoqing; Wu, Mingde

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5896-0_7

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The location of the diseased plants should be recorded, and if the causal pathogen is unclear, diagnostic testing should be performed, typically through the submission of samples to a diagnostic laboratory [4,7]. In addition to visualization of these areas with the naked eye, the utility of infrared (IR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered scouting technologies could be of value as they have been used in a range of other crops [53][54][55][56][57], but further evaluation of how these technologies could be modified for application to cannabis is needed. A discussion of these technologies is presented in Sections 2.10.5 and 2.10.6 of this article.…”

Section: Cultural and Environmental Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes on <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Buirs,

PUNJA

2024

Preprint

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The increased cultivation of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), particularly in greenhouses, has resulted in a greater incidence of diseases and molds that can negatively affect the growth and quality of the crop. Among them, the most important diseases are root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), Botrytis bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by Hop latent viroid), and a range of microbes that reduce post-harvest quality. An integrated management approach to reduce the impact of these diseases/microbes requires combining different approaches that target the reproduction, spread and survival of the associated pathogens, many of which can occur on the same plant simultaneously. These approaches will be discussed in the context of developing an integrated plan to manage the important pathogens of greenhouse-grown cannabis at different stages of plant development. These stages include maintenance of stock plants, propagation through cuttings, vegetative growth of plants, and flowering. The cultivation of cannabis genotypes with tolerance or resistance to various pathogens is a very important approach, followed by the maintenance of pathogen-free stock plants. When combined with cultural approaches (sanitation, management of irrigation, and monitoring for diseases) and environmental approaches (greenhouse climate modification), a significant reduction in pathogen development and spread can be achieved. The use of preventive applications of microbial biological control agents and reduced risk biorational products can also reduce disease development at all stages of production in jurisdictions where they are registered for use. The combined use of promising strategies for integrated disease management on cannabis plants during greenhouse production will be reviewed. Future areas for research are identified.

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Section: Cultural and Environmental Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes on <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Buirs,

PUNJA

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The location of the diseased plants should be recorded, and if the causal pathogen is unclear, diagnostic testing should be performed, typically through the submission of samples to a diagnostic laboratory [ 4 , 7 ]. In addition to visualization of these areas with the naked eye, the utility of infrared (IR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered scouting technologies could be of value as they have been used in a range of other crops [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], but further evaluation of how these technologies could be modified for application to cannabis is needed. A discussion of these technologies is presented in Section 2.10.5 and Section 2.10.6 of this article.…”

Section: Cannabis Pathogens: Symptoms and Management Approaches At Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes in Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Buirs,

Punja

2024

Plants

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The increased cultivation of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), particularly in greenhouses, has resulted in a greater incidence of diseases and molds that can negatively affect the growth and quality of the crop. Among them, the most important diseases are root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid), and a range of microbes that reduce post-harvest quality. An integrated management approach to reduce the impact of these diseases/microbes requires combining different approaches that target the reproduction, spread, and survival of the associated pathogens, many of which can occur on the same plant simultaneously. These approaches will be discussed in the context of developing an integrated plan to manage the important pathogens of greenhouse-grown cannabis at different stages of plant development. These stages include the maintenance of stock plants, propagation through cuttings, vegetative growth of plants, and flowering. The cultivation of cannabis genotypes with tolerance or resistance to various pathogens is a very important approach, as well as the maintenance of pathogen-free stock plants. When combined with cultural approaches (sanitation, management of irrigation, and monitoring for diseases) and environmental approaches (greenhouse climate modification), a significant reduction in pathogen development and spread can be achieved. The use of preventive applications of microbial biological control agents and reduced-risk biorational products can also reduce disease development at all stages of production in jurisdictions where they are registered for use. The combined use of promising strategies for integrated disease management in cannabis plants during greenhouse production will be reviewed. Future areas for research are identified.

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“…Infrared thermography (IT), a digital technology based on the analysis of 2D thermal images, which report on the energy emitted by the subject under examination in terms of the spatial distribution of surface temperature, is experiencing increasing interest in agriculture. It has been used to detect and analyze biotic and abiotic stresses with different etiology, both on a proximal and remote scale. − Thermographic analysis allows to evaluate changes in physical and physiological properties of plants including the thermal capacity of the leaves, the transpiration rate, the response to UV radiation, the local water content, and the sap-flow speed. − Moreover, recent studies have highlighted how this technique can be employed to detect plant diseases at an early stage by monitoring and analyzing the leaf temperature changing patterns . For example, IT was used to predict disease caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16−24 Moreover, recent studies have highlighted how this technique can be employed to detect plant diseases at an early stage by monitoring and analyzing the leaf temperature changing patterns. 25 For example, IT was used to predict disease caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 26 to detect bacterial infection in melon (Cucumis melo L.), 27 viral diseases of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), 28 and for the early diagnosis of fungal diseases in wild rocket, tomato, and pepper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Imaging to Assess the Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Response to Fusarium Wilt in the Early Stages of Infection

Rippa,

Pasqualini,

Manganiello

et al. 2024

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Wild rocket is a baby-leaf vegetable crop devoted to the high-convenience food chain for the preparation of ready-to-eat salads. Healthiness and ecological management of crops are the requirements increasingly demanded by the market. On the other hand, very intensive cultivations under greenhouse are prone to fungal soil-borne pathogen attacks, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani, the causal agent of wilting. Control strategies currently include chemical and nonchemical means, but the implementation of digital systems able to support detection of outbreaks and promote optimization of interventions may concur to increase efficacy of management strategies. Thermography, based on the recording and analysis of thermal energy emitted by plant canopy in the infrared spectral range, is a well-known imaging technique able to monitor plants at both proximal and remote scales providing information on incipient plant stresses. In this work, wild rocket plants subjected to artificial infection with pathogen conidia performed by a dipping or flooding method were monitored during the pathogenesis by both passive and active thermographic approaches. Canopy temperature changes were compared with symptom severity indices measured by visual inspection on both inoculated and control plants. As key result of this study, depending on the inoculum concentration, passive thermography allowed classifying infected plants 30–48 h post inoculation (hpi) by dipping, and in coherence with the disease symptoms detection by visual inspection. Similar results were found in the case of the flooding inoculation, where infected plants were detected by thermography at 48 h.p.i. Active thermography revealed a decrease in leaf heat capacity attributable to the fungal infection and the subsequent tissue colonization over time. These findings constitute a solid base of knowledge about the thermal imaging applied to wild rocket affected by Fusarium wilting, and they can contribute to the development of new remote sensing systems for the detection of primary outbreaks.

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Concept and Application of Infrared Thermography for Plant Disease Measurement

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes on <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes on <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Integrated Management of Pathogens and Microbes in Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Infrared Imaging to Assess the Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) Response to Fusarium Wilt in the Early Stages of Infection

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