Concept for SOM-based computer supported cooperative work

Fu, Xingguang; Söffker, Dirk

doi:10.1109/cscwd.2011.5960083

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…New methods to evaluate and to assist driving behaviors intends to solve the mentioned goals and to avoid dangerous situations and therefore to increase safety. An assistance systems which evaluates possible actions and action plans and related integrated behaviors in advance was developed in previous publications (Ahle and Söffker (2008); Fu and Söffker (2011); Ameyaw et al (2022)). In Bejaoui et al (2022)) a new human error probability (HEP)-related approach (He et al (2021)) was applied to an inland vessel example for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Human Factors-Related Knowledge into Decision Support Systems Applied to Assisted and Automated Operating Vehicles Using Examples for Inland Vessels

Bejaoui,

Gadhavi,

Shyshova

et al. 2023

Proceeding of the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference

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In human-machine systems, human behaviors are the main contributor to the safety of the overall system. Recognizing upcoming critical situations or knowing about critical actions in advance would enable the design of a new generation of human-machine systems that allow a smooth/fluid transition from assistance and intervention to direct guidance of the system. For most professionally operated complex systems such as power plants, aircrafts, or even ships, the workflow of human operation is highly regulated and can be considered in a formalized manner, which is helpful to serve as underlying system model. Future automation systems that allow to incorporate human assistance and monitoring are based on detailed sensor-and model-based situation awareness in the sense of knowing the consequences of possible alternative actions. With existing individualized knowledge about preferences and experiences from previous interactions as well as human error rates (e.g., from literature), a new quality of humanmachine systems can be generated that focuses on reliability and safety as goals.As example for such a new system in this contribution a Situation-Operator-Modeling (SOM) approach is used to describe the captain-vessel-interaction and to illustrate the rule-based behavior as a graph-based-model. SOMbased action spaces consisting of possible captain's behaviors leading to a meaningful desired final situation are online analyzed and evaluated with respect to unsafe and unreliable actions components and or sequences, so from the manifold of possible sequences the best options can be defined and suggested in advance, critical and harmful ones can be denoted as critical by warnings etc. The reliability of the action sequences included in the action space are evaluated using a probabilistic risk assessment method called human error probabilities (HEP). The reliability analysis of the captain's actions in real time, newly introduced in the paper, enables safer driving behavior, reduction of accidents and dangerous situations. The manner novelty consists in the identification of dangerous situations and the intervention by appropriate warning and interaction strategies of the assistance system. Based on experimental examples, the paper evaluates the action components considering literature knowledge in addition to the underlying modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Human Factors-Related Knowledge into Decision Support Systems Applied to Assisted and Automated Operating Vehicles Using Examples for Inland Vessels

Bejaoui,

Gadhavi,

Shyshova

et al. 2023

Proceeding of the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference

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“…The system learns to understand the control of a technical system via human-machine interaction at a highly abstracted level, for instance, for a lane change maneuver on the highway. Here, the automated supervision system checks the consistency of the driver's actions and the learned mental model of the driver's behavior with regard to the specified goal and specified rules (Fu and Söffker, 2011). This automated supervision approach allows a formalized strategy to analyze the logic of interaction and an application to technical systems.…”

Section: Safety For the System Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the generation of situation awareness including perception, anticipation of upcoming situations and the planning, based on anticipated situations, are properties of cognitive (technical) systems (cf. Söffker, 2001Söffker, , 2008 and are realized, for instance, by Ahle and Söffker (2006); Gamrad and Söffker (2009c);Oberheid et al (2008);Fu and Söffker (2011);Gamrad (2011). Thus, in order to realize a situation risk-aware system it is described in this work how the required safety-related knowledge base is connected to the respective cognitive functions in order to realize that hazards are adequately considered within the perception and planning process (cf.…”

Section: Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Autonomous Cognitive-oriented Robots

Ertle¹

2015

Künstl Intell

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Service robots shall very soon autonomously provide services in all spheres of life. They have to execute demanding and complex tasks in a dynamic environment, collaborate with human users in a natural and intuitive way and adapt themselves to varying conditions. It can be assumed that complex robots have to be able to learn, if they shall be able to provide complex tasks in unstructured environments in an autonomous fashion. The capability to 'act autonomously' is often mentioned in conjunction with robots, however, the perception and understanding of the term autonomy varies among the different research fields. Therefore, a closer look is taken at robot autonomy and intelligence, in particular, with regard to current and future robots. From this perspective, implications for safety are derived concerning safe autonomous behavior.In order to push forward the robot safety in the light of safe behavior in complex environments, a novel classification of robot hazards is provided. Based on this, the so-called object interaction hazards are derived which arise when objects that are, for instance, located in the near environment, interact with objects that are manipulated by a robot. Taking into account the current state-of-the-art, it can be stated that this denotes a novel problem area. This problem area is so far addressed neither in current research work, nor in the relevant standards.The new type of hazards can be assigned to a group of hazards that originate from the interaction with a complex and unstructured environment. In order to sufficiently consider the environment and operation context, the robot has to be aware of it. In the field of cognitive (technical and biological) systems, this key capability can be called 'situation awareness ' (cf. Söffker, 2008). Based on Endsley (1995)'s definition of situation awareness, Wardziński (2008) proposes the 'dynamic risk assessment' approach, which shall enable the robot perceive the risk of current and upcoming situations. In order to realize such a risk-aware planning system for the first time, dynamic risk assessment is integrated within a cognitive architecture in order to utilize cognitive functions, such as anticipation, planning and learning. Here, the so-called action spaces (sets of possible upcoming situations) are dynamically anticipated within the underlying cognitive architecture, and a risk assessment component assesses them with regard to comprised risks. Thus, the generated risk information can be utilized for a risk-aware action planning. The proper operation of this integrating concept is demonstrated via simulations and with a robot experiment.In order to consider (object interaction) hazards by means of dynamic risk assessment, (initial) knowledge about hazards is required. Thus, a novel procedural model is developed for systematically generating a safety knowledge base. In this connection, the concept is to formalize risk models (risk description rules) in a generalized manner so that they remain valid for future, and so far unknown si...

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Toward a modeling of human-centered, rule-based cooperative teamwork

Langer

Söffker

2013

Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)

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Concept for SOM-based computer supported cooperative work

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Integration of Human Factors-Related Knowledge into Decision Support Systems Applied to Assisted and Automated Operating Vehicles Using Examples for Inland Vessels

Integration of Human Factors-Related Knowledge into Decision Support Systems Applied to Assisted and Automated Operating Vehicles Using Examples for Inland Vessels

Safety of Autonomous Cognitive-oriented Robots

Toward a modeling of human-centered, rule-based cooperative teamwork

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