“…In comprehension tasks, many studies have shown general differences in favor of hierarchical structures, providing an overall organized overview summariz-ing content (Amadieu, Tricot, & Marine, 2009, Amadieu , Van Gog, Paas, Tricot, & Mariné, 2010Britt, Rouet, & Perfetti, 1996;Klois, Segers & Verhoeven, 2013;Müller-Kalthoff & Möller, 2004;Potelle & Rouet, 2003;Salmerón, Baccino, Cañas, Madrid, & Fajardo, 2009, Salmerón, Cañas, Kintsch & Fajardo, 2005; see also the review by Amadieu & Salmerón, 2014), whereas others did not (de Jong & van der Hulst, 2002;Dee-Lucas, 1996;Hofman & van Oostendorp, 1999;Lee & Tedder, 2003; see also Amadieu & Salmerón, 2014). In contrast, network presentations, without any hierarchy, path, or metaphor to organize the content, seem to lead to cognitive overload and disorientation, resulting in inefficient navigation and problems in comprehension.…”