Concepts and Complexities of Population Genetics

Onstad, David W.; Guse, C. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-012373858-5.50006-x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…These assumptions have generated selection models that predict the evolution of the system and allow the comparison of different strategies of resistance management. One or two major genes have been found in a high percentage of cases of resistance (Onstad and Guse, 2008). However, many other cases of resistance in field could not be modeled under these assumptions.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, the argument described above, both in one of its premise and its conclusion, was ruled out changing our position regarding the consequences of the actions of chemical control in populations of triatomines. without insecticide is generally understood in terms of pleiotropy (McKenzie, 1996;Onstad and Guse, 2008). The pleiotropic effects of resistant alleles would result from the biochemical and physiological changes associated with the resistant phenotype, which ultimately affect some other functional process (see below).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insecticide resistance in vector Chagas disease: Evolution, mechanisms and management

2015

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Section: Genetic Basis Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance in vector Chagas disease: Evolution, mechanisms and management

2015

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“…Development of such tactics requires knowledge of the key factors that affect the rate at which resistance is selected in the field. One of the most important of these is the response of various resistant genotypes to the selecting agent, that is, their relative dominance (Onstad and Guse 2008). The response of heterozygotes to selection is particularly important because these will be the most frequent carriers of resistance during the early stages of its development (Roush and Daley 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

et al. 2017

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Cryptolestes ferrugineus is a serious cosmopolitan pest of stored products. Frequent and indiscriminate usage of phosphine has caused the development of high levels of resistance to this fumigant. As there are few alternatives, it is imperative that resistance to phosphine is managed. Effective management requires knowledge of key factors driving the rate of selection. One of the most important factors is the response of each resistance genotype to phosphine, especially heterozygotes. Moreover, it is important to understand the expression of resistance in all life stages as all stages are subjected to selection during fumigation. We determined the relative tolerance and resistance levels to phosphine in all life stages of homozygous parental strains (susceptible and resistant) and their F 1 progeny (heterozygous) and estimated relative dominance of resistance within life stages over 48 h. In susceptible insects, relative tolerance was highest in eggs followed by pupae, then adults which had about the same tolerance as larvae. In homozygous resistant insects, the order of tolerance was adult = egg [ pupae [ larvae and in heterozygotes larvae [ eggs [ pupae [ adults. All life stages expressed resistance with resistance ratios highest in adults [ pupae [ larvae [ eggs. At LC 50 , resistance was incompletely recessive in eggs, pupae and adults and incompletely dominant in larvae. Eggs and adults were also incompletely recessive at LC 95 , but larvae were completely dominant and pupae were incompletely dominant. Our data showed that a proportion of heterozygotes in all life stages, the major carriers of resistance in the field, will survive at very high concentrations, particularly in the egg stage, forming a nucleus for reinfestation or dispersal of resistance.

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“…The results of the models following an evolutionary mutational event would reveal the dramatic to gradual genotypic changes that might be expected during a number of generations resulting in gene fixation or gene equilibrium depending on the survival benefits of the mutated alleles. The same processes illustrated by the models help in understanding the population dynamics of pest insects that overcome crop plant resistance or develop resistance to insecticides [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that there would be nine possible genotypes conferring special survival or reproductive benefits for each genotype that remained constant throughout the simulation of a specified number of generations. Throughout the population and in every generation, mating was assumed indiscriminate and proportional to each genotype currently present [35,36]. The nine-by-nine pairings of genotypes gives 81 possible pairings resulting in certain proportions of the nine genotypes, each generation based on the preceding population's proportions of each genotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population Genetic Model of Evolution of Host-Mate Attraction and Nonhost Repulsion in a Bark BeetlePityogenes bidentatus

Byers

2012

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Studies have shown that the bark beetle Pityogenes bidentatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) avoids volatiles of nonhost trees (Norway Spruce, birch, and oak) and healthy host Scotch Pine when orienting to aggregation pheromone. A population genetic model of two behavioral genes was hypothesized where AA, Aa, and aa were allele combinations regulating orientation to host tree and pheromone odors, and BB, Bb, and bb were combinations allowing avoidance of nonhost and unsuitable host odors. The nine possible genotypes were assigned different survival factors that remained constant during simulation. The initial proportion of aabb genotype (little aggregation/host response and little avoidance of nonhosts) was ∼1.0 when a mutation was hypothesized that caused better orientation to host/beetle odors (Aabb) and another mutation causing more efficient avoidance of nonhosts (aaBb). After these initial mutations, the model used indiscriminate mating of genotypic proportions and subsequent survival as input for each successive generation. The results indicate that AABB eventually fixates in the populations in some scenarios, while AABB and other genotypes reach stable equilibriums in other models depending on genotypic survival values supported by ecologically sound assumptions. The models indicate how development of insecticide resistance in pest insects may proceed.

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Concepts and Complexities of Population Genetics

Cited by 6 publications

References 96 publications

Insecticide resistance in vector Chagas disease: Evolution, mechanisms and management

Insecticide resistance in vector Chagas disease: Evolution, mechanisms and management

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

A Population Genetic Model of Evolution of Host-Mate Attraction and Nonhost Repulsion in a Bark BeetlePityogenes bidentatus

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