Concepts and methods of quality assurance for mass-reared parasitoids and predators

Leppla, Norman C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822106-8.00012-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…The difference in the mean for a parameter each week minus the mean for the subsequent week was plotted on moving range charts. The upper and lower control limits for both the X-bar and moving range charts were calculated at 2 standard deviations, as established for insect rearing ( Leppla 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality control applications for recovering an inbred colony of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Ivey,

Leppla,

Hodges

et al. 2023

Journal of Insect Science

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The invasive stink bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), recently became established in the southwestern United States and has become a major pest of broccoli and other cole crops. Due to concerns about its possible establishment in Florida, a colony of this pest was maintained in quarantine to conduct research on its environmental requirements. The colony was reared reliably with approximately 300 adults per generation but began to decline in generation 16. Due to unknown causes, only about 73 females were recovered to mate and oviposit during the final 46 days. However, a corresponding decrease in the number of mated pairs did not reduce the yield of eggs, nymphs, and adults per day, but the females were maintained for fewer than the normal 160 days per generation. Therefore, quality control procedures were implemented to increase the number of days the colony produced adults in subsequent generations. The goal of producing approximately 400 adults per generation was accomplished during 104, 160, and 156 days, respectively, in generations 17, 18, and 19. The purpose of this research was to develop quality control procedures for rearing B. hilaris, use the procedures to restore a colony in quarantine, and describe how quality control can be used to maintain small colonies of insects. Implementing quality control procedures when a colony is established can help to prevent its decline.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality control applications for recovering an inbred colony of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Ivey,

Leppla,

Hodges

et al. 2023

Journal of Insect Science

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“…In addition to reaching high populations of phytoseiids, a major issue is the assessment of the maintenance of the predatory efficiency, as evidenced by kill rate on the target species, for example in Tetranychus urticae Koch control strategies ( Norman 2023 , Vangansbeke 2023 ). During the past years, more and more mass rearings of phytoseiids on alternative prey/food have been conducted to reduce costs and time-consuming methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kill rate as a tool in efficiency evaluation ofNeoseiulus californicus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) mass reared on factitious food

Simoni,

Burgio,

Tarchi

et al. 2023

Journal of Insect Science

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The predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family are crucial biological control agents widely utilized in biological pest management targeting phytophagous mites and insects. Key factors in these control strategies are that phytoseiids must be able to find their main target prey and to maintain high populations and efficacy. To reduce expenses and time-consuming production methods of mass rearing of phytoseiids, pollen and other factitious (i.e., non-natural/nontarget) hosts need to be present as an alternative food for predatory mite populations. The mass-rearing possibilities of these predators on alternative food sources, such as astigmatid mites (i.e., house and stored mites) and pollen, must be evaluated not only by the cost of rearing settings but on the basis of their efficiency maintenance in killing prey. The pest kill rate (km) is the average daily lifetime killing of the pest by the natural enemy under consideration and can represent a useful indicator for phytoseiids efficacy to rank them as BCAs on the basis of their effective killing/predation on target prey. In this study, we evidenced that 2 astigmatid mites, Glycyphagus domesticus (De Geer) and Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank), and Quercus ilex L. pollen can be successfully adopted as substitute food sources for mass rearing of the phytoseiid Neoseiulus californicus (MgGregor); then, we determined that these populations of BCAs maintained a consistent km at new/first impact on the main target pest, Tetranychus urticae Koch.

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“…GMP and HACCP systems as used in conventional food and feed production facilities as optimal guidelines for preserving insects and consumers health are recommended (International Platform of Insects for Food and Feed, 2022). Quality control programs are in place for insects reared for other purposes as in biocontrol programs such as parasitoids and predators widely produced in Europe or for controlling the spread of parasites as the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) reared for applying sterile male technology (Leppla, 2023).…”

Section: Assuring Insects and Consumer Safety Trough Good Manufactura...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of production site and business plan takes into consideration the main purpose of the rearing facility (Thrastardottir et al, 2021) and all the drivers that influence the success of the production such as the accessibility to feed supplies, employment conditions, economics, environmental and health hazards are taken into consideration for maximizing consumers' satisfaction (Leppla, 2023). Insect rearing may show up to be a valuable source of animal feed considering the relatively low environmental footprint and nutritional benefits for several animals such as poultry and fish.…”

Section: Introduction: Sustainable Yellow Mealworm Production For Fee...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

Savio

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Lactobacillus plantarum is available in several probiotic products due to its proven abilities in reducing inflammatory bowel disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and preventing diarrhea.Application to Diptera and Lepidoptera showed effects of Lb. plantarum on host development and performance raising questions about application to other insect Orders. Research objectives and outline of this thesisThe purpose of this thesis is to provide a broad overview of T. molitor symbionts, conduct experimental studies focused on potential application of beneficial symbionts such as Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB as potential probiotic strains for decreasing the risk of infections in mass-rearing conditions and for optimizing the quality of the chemical composition of the larvae as they may be consumed as feed and food, representing one of the solutions for upscaling the value of by-products along the food chain.Chapter 2 provides a review of the potential of probiotic applications in mass-reared insects. Methods of isolation, identification and production of probiotic bacterial species are provided, taking into consideration methods of their application in an insect mass-rearing context and the important connections between host-microbiota and provided feed in health preservation and disease management.Chapter 3, provides a review addressing the richness and the variety of interactions between the yellow mealworm and its symbionts, methods of pathogen detection and insights for reducing the risk of pathogen infection in rearing facilities.Chapter 4, is an experimental study focused on T. molitor susceptibility to the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) (Btt) in conditions resembling the mass-rearing system environment. The study highlights the direct correlation between entomopathogen load and the yellow mealworm larval growth and mortality. Larvae having higher body mass showed to be more resistant to the pathogen and were not compromised in feed conversion. The data also showed that Btt can persist in the tested conditions suggesting a certain risk for the rearing.Chapter 5, focus on the effects of diet composition and two potential probiotic strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB, on performance and microbial community composition of T. molitor larvae affected by the entomopathogens Metarhizium brunneum KVL 12-30 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) single or co-infection.The larvae presented increased growth and survival in case of co-infection when fed with diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus. The bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments, indicating that the probiotic strain did not establish at a detectable level in the insect, however, its transient presence improved larval performance in its early developmental stages.In Chapter 6, the effects of diet composition and probiotic provision on T. molitor larval performance and chemical com...

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Concepts and methods of quality assurance for mass-reared parasitoids and predators

Cited by 5 publications

References 185 publications

Quality control applications for recovering an inbred colony of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Quality control applications for recovering an inbred colony of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Kill rate as a tool in efficiency evaluation ofNeoseiulus californicus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) mass reared on factitious food

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

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