Concepts, characteristics, potential and technology of unconventional hydrocarbons: On unconventional petroleum geology

Zou, Caineng; Zhang, Guosheng; Zhi, Yang; Tao, Shizhen; Hou, Lianhua; Zhu, Rixiang; Yuan, Xuanjun; Ran, Qiquan; Li, Denghua; Wang, Zhiping

doi:10.1016/s1876-3804(13)60053-1

Cited by 335 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…By the end of 2011, the proven total reserves of tight gas in China reached 3.3 9 10 12 m 3 , roughly accounting for 39 % of total natural gas reserves, in which 96 % of the proven reserves of tight sandstone gas are from the Ordos and Sichuan Basins. The Sulige gas field, as the largest tight gas-bearing area, has proven geological reserves of 3.5 9 10 12 m 3 and annual production of 169 9 10 8 m 3 (Zou et al 2013). Tight gas resources yielded a total production of approximately 256 9 10 8 m 3 in 2011, accounting for nearly one-fourth of total natural gas production, with annual production in the largest Sulige gas field exceeding 137 9 10 8 m 3 .…”

Section: The Promising Potential Of Tight Sandstone Gas In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The industrial gas production can be obtained only under specific economic and technical conditions (hydraulic fracturing reform measures or horizontal and multi-lateral wells) (Zou et al 2011a). The tight sandstone gas has become an important field of natural gas exploration and development in recent years owing to its great resource potential (Dai et al 2012;Zou et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Jiang

Feng

et al. 2015

Pet. Sci.

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Tight sandstone gas serves as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource, and outstanding results have been obtained through its discovery both in China and abroad given its great resource potential. However, heated debates and gaps still remain regarding classification standards of tight sandstone gas, and critical controlling factors, accumulation mechanisms, and development modes of tight sandstone reservoirs are not determined. Tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China are generally characterized by tight strata, widespread distribution areas, coal strata supplying gas, complex gas-water relations, and abnormally low gas reservoir pressure. Water and gas reversal patterns have been detected via glass tube and quartz sand modeling, and the presence of critical geological conditions without buoyancy-driven mechanisms can thus be assumed. According to the timing of gas charging and reservoir tightening phases, the following three tight sandstone gas reservoir types have been

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Section: The Promising Potential Of Tight Sandstone Gas In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Jiang

Feng

et al. 2015

Pet. Sci.

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“…Recently, a series of large-scale low-permeability hydrocarbon reservoirs of Yanchang formation was discovered in Ordos basin. Its complex diagenetic process and oil accumulation mechanism have been the hotspot of oil exploration and development in China (Zou et al 2013;Yang et al 2013). The upper Triassic Yanchang formation develops a typical continental tight sandstone reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagenesis and its impact on reservoir quality for the Chang 8 oil group tight sandstone of the Yanchang Formation (upper Triassic) in southwestern Ordos basin, China

Lin

Chen

et al. 2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Based on the applications of thin section, cathode luminescence, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, this paper studies the reservoir characteristics, diagenesis features and their influences on the development of reservoir pores for the Chang 8 oil group of Yanchang Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin. Results show that the reservoir is characterized by low composition maturity, low structure maturity, low porosity/ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability which belong to tight reservoir. The reservoirs develop medium intensity of compaction, moderate to strong cementation, relatively strong dissolution, suggesting that it is in stage B of the middle diagenetic evolution. The main diagenetic types include mechanical compaction, cementation by carbonates, quartz and clay minerals, and dissolution which have directly influenced the reservoir quality. In the early diagenetic period, the rapid compaction and cementation of carbonate had rapidly destroyed the reservoir quality, while the particles lining of chlorites had protected the reservoir space. In the middle diagenetic stage A, secondary dissolution pores were formed as soluble clastic grains were dissolved by the acidic fluid with organic matters maturation. The dissolution has played a constructive role for the pore generation and preservation. In the middle diagenetic stage B, the later compaction and cementation further reduced the reservoir quality. The analysis of pore evolution demonstrates that the initial reservoir porosity is about 30.59%. 16.925% overall porosity is lost through compaction, 11.65% porosity loss is due to cementation, and 6.36% porosity was created by dissolution. Finally, the reservoir is holding 8.375% porosity in present.

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“…With the increasing development of oil and gas exploration and exploitation, unconventional oil and gas, such as tight oil, tight gas, shale gas and coalbed methane, show a great potential in the existing economic and technological conditions, and global oil and gas resources will usher a second extension (Dong et al, 2015;Zou et al, 2009Zou et al, , 2010Zou et al, , 2013a. Unconventional oil and gas resources are very rich in China, which also brings great news for oil and gas resource potential evaluation, such as the tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in Ordos basin (Du et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2010;Jia et al, 2012;Li and Zhang, 2011;Liu et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New characterization on the petrophysical characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin China

Zhi-qiang

Shi

2016

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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New characterization on petrophysical characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs is of an important value to exploration and exploitation of oil and gas. In this paper, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, combined with casting thin sections, laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and pressure-controlled porosimetry were applied to investigate the pore structure characteristics of nine tight sandstone samples of Yanchang Formation in the Upper Triassic Ordos Basin China. And then, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance T 2 spectrum distribution and previous theoretical models, a new model is proposed to predict permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs. Petrophysical characteristics are qualitativelyquantificationally analyzed by a combination of various experiments, which is considered to be a new method that will be widely used in future research. Results indicate that nuclear magnetic resonance T 2 spectrum distribution has a close relationship with characteristics of pore types and pore radius distribution. Three T 2 spectrum peaks are identified by the relaxation time at 0.1-10 ms, 10-100 ms and >100 ms correspond to micropores (<0.2 mm), mesopores (0.2-4.9 mm) and macropores and fractures (>4.9 mm), respectively, which is well consistent with results from casting thin sections, laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and pressure-controlled porosimetry. Compared with the existing several classical models, the new permeability model can better estimate the permeability of tight sandstone samples. The new characterization method and new model can accurately evaluate petrophysical characteristics of typical tight sandstone samples, which have a great value for nuclear magnetic well logging in the exploration and exploitation of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Ordos basin.

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Concepts, characteristics, potential and technology of unconventional hydrocarbons: On unconventional petroleum geology

Cited by 335 publications

References 10 publications

Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Diagenesis and its impact on reservoir quality for the Chang 8 oil group tight sandstone of the Yanchang Formation (upper Triassic) in southwestern Ordos basin, China

New characterization on the petrophysical characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin China

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