Concepts for the Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis in Dentistry

A, Titsas; Ferguson, M.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2001.tb00286.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Infective endocarditis is a disease in which microorganisms colonize the damaged endocardium on heart valves. The incidence of infective endocarditis in the developing countries is 1 to 5 new cases per lakh per year 1 . Certain dental procedures are capable of producing bacteremia, which can eventually lead to infective endocarditis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infective endocarditis is a rare, potentially fatal disease where susceptible endocardium or a prosthetic heart valve is colonized by microorganisms such as streptococci, staphylococci, and Candida. It is well recognized that dental procedures, which induce bacteremia of substantial magnitude, have an increased potential to induce infective endocarditis in susceptible hearts 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As prevention of infective endocarditis is desirable, due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality, there is a general consensus that all patients with predisposing heart conditions be given appropriate antimicrobials prior to operative procedures that may give rise to infective endocarditis. This is based on the fact that infective endocarditis may follow a bacteremia and that certain dental procedures can produce bacteremia with organisms having potential to cause infective endocarditis 1 . According to American Heart Association, periodontal probing is under high-risk category for infective endocarditis 5 and recommends antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk since periodontal probing is done for all patient's seeking dental treatment as a part of assessment of periodontal status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation Of Bacteremia Following Periodontal Probing In Gingivitis And Periodontitis Patients.

2011

IJDS

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Background and aim : This study was done to determine whether bacteremia occurred before after periodontal probing in gingivitis and periodontitis affected patients and to identify the microorganisms present within positive blood cultures by aerobic culture. Materials and methods : 20 patients for each in gingivitis and periodontitis groups were selected, all with negative history of any systemic disorders. 5ml of venous blood was collected from every patient before and within 30 seconds of full mouth periodontal probing and simultaneously oral hygiene simplified, plaque index and number of sites that bleed on probing were recorded. The blood samples collected were transferred to the culture bottles containing brain heart infusion agar and brain heart infusion broth and incubated, samples signaled positive were then subjected to microbiological investigation. The positive samples were sub cultured on blood agar plates and the organisms were confirmed by gram staining method. Results : Probing caused bacteremia in 9 out of 20 periodontitis, and 3 out of 20 gingivitis patients. Streptococcus species was the most isolated organism in both the groups. Number of sites that bleed on probing, total probing depth and mean probing depth were significantly associated with bacteremia. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that patients with untreated periodontitis were at greater risk of experiencing bacteremia due to periodontal probing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation Of Bacteremia Following Periodontal Probing In Gingivitis And Periodontitis Patients.

2011

IJDS

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“…Antibiotic prophylaxis may be defined as the use of an antimicrobial agent before any infection has occurred for the purpose of preventing a subsequent infection (Gerding 1996, Titsas & Ferguson 2001). Because of the high morbidity and mortality related to IE, it has long been advised that AP is required before dental procedures likely to induce bacteraemia (Tomas Carmona et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endodontics and infective endocarditis – is antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis required?

Brincat¹,

Savarrio²,

Saunders

2006

Int Endodontic J

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The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence implicating nonsurgical endodontic procedures in inducing infective endocarditis (IE). The literature is reviewed and findings about dental procedures that elicit bacteraemia [in particular root canal treatment (RCT)], sequelae of bacteraemia, relationship between IE and RCT and variation between antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) guidelines are highlighted. At present, there is still significant debate as to which dental procedures require chemoprophylaxis and what antibiotic regimen should be prescribed. Currently, there are insufficient primary data to know whether AP is effective or ineffective against IE. Practitioners are bound by current guidelines and medico-legal considerations. Thus, the profession requires clear, uniform guidelines that are evidence-based.

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“…Since the oral cavity has many microorganisms, any procedure causing discontinuity of the mucosa with consequent gingival bleeding may lead the patient to develop a temporary bacteriemia 12,20 which may give rise to infectious endocarditis in patients at cardiac risk 14 . The occurrence of bacteriemia after endodontic treatment depends on the type and limit of root canal instrumentation 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriemia during endodontic treatment in relation to the technique of biomechanical preparation: randomized clinical trial

et al. 2005

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bjective:The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the frequency of bacteriemia during endodontic treatment, with comparison between two techniques for biomechanical preparation of the root canal system. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 50 patients aged 16 to 52 years, of both genders, which were divided into 2 groups with 25 patients each. Group I underwent biomechanical preparation by the step-back technique, and Group II was treated by the rotary technique with nickel-titanium instruments (K3). Patients were submitted to antisepsis of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine digluconate and three samples of blood were collected for blood culture: preoperatively, immediately after the biomechanical preparation and 10 minutes later. The significance level adopted was 5.0%, and analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics by means of the Fisher's exact test, Fisher-Freeman-Halton test and Student's t test. Data were analyzed on the Statexact and SPSS softwares. Results: All blood cultures achieved before and immediately after preparation were negative. On the other hand, with regard to the blood cultures collected 10 minutes after preparation, one (4%) positive case was found for Group I. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.50). Conclusion: The frequency of bacteriemia was low and observed just for Group I. Uniterms: Bacteremia; Endocarditis, bacterial; Antibiotic prophylaxis; Root canal therapy.bjetivo: O objetivo deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi avaliar a freqüência de bacteriemia durante o tratamento endodôntico comparando duas técnicas de preparo biomecânico do sistema de canais radiculares. Materiais e métodos: A amostra constou de 50 pacientes, com idade variando entre 16 e 52 anos e de ambos os sexos, sendo dividida em 2 grupos de 25 pacientes. No Grupo I, realizou-se o preparo biomecânico através da técnica escalonada com recuo progressivo programado, e, no Grupo II, por meio técnica rotatória, empregando instrumentos de níquel-titânio (K3). Os pacientes realizaram anti-sepsia da cavidade bucal com gluconato de clorexidina e foram realizadas três coletas de sangue para hemoculturas: no pré-operatório, imediatamente após o preparo biomecânico e 10 minutos depois. O nível de significância foi de 5,0%, e foram utilizadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e inferencial através dos testes exato de Fisher, Fisher-Freeman-Halton e "T" de Student. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do programa Statexact e SPSS. Resultados: As hemoculturas tomadas antes e imediatamente após o preparo, foram todas negativas. Já nas hemoculturas, realizadas 10 minutos após o preparo, foi encontrado um caso (4%) positivo no Grupo I. Esta diferença, entretanto, não foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,50). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a freqüência de bacteriemia foi baixa e observada apenas no Grupo I. Unitermos: Bacteriemia; Endocardite bacteriana; Antibioticoprofilaxia; Tratamento do canal radicular. 334J Appl Oral Sci. 2005;13(4):334-9

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Concepts for the Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis in Dentistry

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Evaluation Of Bacteremia Following Periodontal Probing In Gingivitis And Periodontitis Patients.

Evaluation Of Bacteremia Following Periodontal Probing In Gingivitis And Periodontitis Patients.

Endodontics and infective endocarditis – is antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis required?

Bacteriemia during endodontic treatment in relation to the technique of biomechanical preparation: randomized clinical trial

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