Concepts for the treatment of spent process water in the food and beverage industries

An integrated membrane bioreactor

“…This indicates that the combination of an MBR and NF is beneficial for feed waters with a lower biodegradability, as an appropriate NF membrane can contribute significantly to the overall removal of even smaller organics that cannot effectively be treated by the MBR only. This is confirmed by [6,27,[44][45][46][47], who showed that nanofiltration as post-treatment was able to lower the COD (which is considered to be non-biodegradable) from an MBR permeate from 568-850 mg L -1 to a range of 23-120 mg L -1 or lower in the NF permeate. Additionally, in the case of alpha-keto gluconic acid removal (from landfill leachate), NF alone already showed removal results comparable to those obtained with a full MBR NF process.…”

“…The combination of MBR NF showed an overall TOC removal of 96% [9,13]. TOC concentrations in the NF permeate, when indicated, were usually less than 2-4 mg L -1 TOC [13,27,[45][46][47].…”

Study of short-wave ultraviolet treatments (UV-C) as a non-thermal preservation process for liquid egg products

“…Several works report the efficiency of UV light into the inactivation of different microorganisms by using either bench top collimated beam apparatus or continuous flow reactors (Sommer, 1998;Lage, 2003), what lead to the approval since November 29 UV disinfection is mainly used in air and water purification, and sewage treatment of food and beverages (Blume and Neis, 2004;Chmiel et al, 2002;Green et al, 1995;Hassen et al, 2000), processing of drinking water (Peldszus et al, 2003;Lehtola et al, 2004), and it is potentially useful for milk and fruit juice production (Koutchma, 2004;Matak, 2005). Chmiel et al (2002) determined the reduction of highly contaminated spent process water of food and beverage industries using the combination of a membrane bioreactor, UV pre-disinfector and UV disinfection apparatus.…”

“…Chmiel et al (2002) determined the reduction of highly contaminated spent process water of food and beverage industries using the combination of a membrane bioreactor, UV pre-disinfector and UV disinfection apparatus. Sommer and Cabaj (1993) Hence, germicidal efficiency determined for one species of bacteria or virus may be used to represent the relative responses of all bacteria and viruses to medium pressure UV irradiation (Giese and Darby, 2000).…”

Modelling and control of systems with flow

“…Air disinfection by UV is investigated in [31] and [75]. In [23] the required UV dosage for apple cider pasteurization is examined, and in [14] the possibility of UV treatment of process water in the food and beverage industries is discussed. In order to improve the operation of UV disinfection, proper dynamic control needs to be incorporated.…”