Concepts of Applied Ecology

Reconnaissance of Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation ichnofossils, Rocky Mountain Region, USA: paleoenvironmental, stratigraphic, and paleoclimatic significance of terrestrial and freshwater ichnocoenoses

“…Freshwater ecosystems in rivers were supported by nutrients generated from terrestrial inputs as CPOM, FPOM, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and, to a lesser extent, photosynthetic bacteria and algae (e.g., De Santo, 1978;Ward, 1992). The food web in Morrison rivers was based on detritivores and autotrophs.…”

“…Although sauropods, iguanodontids, stegosaurs, and other herbivorous dinosaurs (see Engelmann et al, this volume) were quite large, they were undoubtedly outnumbered and outweighed by the insects and other soil arthropods in the food pyramid (e.g., Odum, 1971;De Santo, 1978). Some dinosaurs interpreted as herbivores, such as stegosaurs and ankylosaurs (e.g., thyreophores), may not have been exclusively planteaters but rather omnivores with a large part of their diet consisting of insects such as termites and ants.…”

“…Like modern lacustrine ecosystems (e.g., Odum, 1971;De Santo, 1978;Ward, 1992), Morrison siliciclastic and carbonate lacustrine ecosystems were probably supported by primary productivity generated by autotrophs, such as plankton, algae, charophytes, and plants, which had little or no fossil record in the Morrison but are likely to have been present and from terrestrial inputs as CPOM, FPOM, and DOM. Here, the food web was detritivore and autotroph based, the detritivores supported by CPOM and FPOM and the autotrophs supported by DOM and photosynthesis.…”

An introduction to issues of habitat fragmentation relative to transportation corridors with special reference to high-speed rail (HSR)

“…That is, habitat assessment is based on ecology, the relationship of wildlife, both animals and plants, with its environment. Therefore, habitat assessment is not simply a consideration of the physical environment (De Santo 1978).…”

“…Habitat refers to that physical part of a community structure (i.e., an associ-KEY WORDS: Habitat fragmentation; High-speed rail (HSR); Environmental impacts *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed ation of interacting populations, usually delimited by their interactions or by spatial occurrence) or landscape (i.e., a spatial-visual total environment) in which a particular organism finds its home. A habitat is often referred to as "the address" of an organism, the place where you would go in search of that organism (De Santo 1978). Habitat identification is a significant factor in landscape ecology, a branch of ecology that deals with the interrelationship between man and his open and built-up landscapes (Naveh and Lieberman 1984).…”