Concepts of the Small Body Sample Return Missions - the 1st 10 Million Year Evolution of the Solar System

Lin, Yangting; Zhang, Yonghe; Hu, Sen; Xu, Yuchen; Zhou, Weijia; Li, Shijie; Yang, Wei; Gao, Yang; Li, Mingtao; Yin, Qing‐Zhu; Lin, D. N. C.; Ip, W.-H.

doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00670-1

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Most asteroids and comets preserve information about the early solar system because their interiors are less evolved [2,4,5]. By studying the composition, structure, and orbital characteristics of asteroids and comets, it is possible to reveal the history of the formation and evolution of the solar system and to understand the origin and evolution of planets such as the Earth [6,7]. In addition, the exploration of asteroids and comets is an important way to test new theories and technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Asteroid and Comet Exploration

Guan,

Su,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Nowadays, asteroid and comet exploration is one of the most important components of deep space exploration. Through asteroid and comet exploration missions, it is possible to reveal the history of the formation and evolution of the solar system, to understand the origin and evolution of the planets, and to improve scientific models and instruments. As a payload with the advantages of non-destructive, penetrating, and polarizing characteristics, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in lunar and Mars exploration, and will play an important role in planned asteroid and comet exploration missions. In this study, statistics on asteroid and comet exploration missions, scientific results, and space-based ground-penetrating radar (SB-GPR) utilization are presented for the three phases to date. According to the statistics, SB-GPR will play an important role in future Phase 2 and 3 missions. The focus of this study is on analyzing the mission flow, SB-GPR parameters, scientific objectives, and scientific results of the missions that have carried SB-GPR and those that are planned to carry SB-GPR, including the Hera, Rosetta, Castalia, and Tianwen-2 missions. On this basis, the development trends of asteroid and comet exploration missions, as well as the future development trends of SB-GPR design and signal interpretation, are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Asteroid and Comet Exploration

Guan,

Su,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…Therefore, E-type bodies have been classed into three subtypes by Gaffey & Kelley (2004): E[I] (featureless), E[II] (has 0.49 µm absorption, such as 2867 Steins), and E[III] (has 0.9 µm absorption), implying that various compositions may exist on their surfaces that impede a final determination of the nature of E-type asteroids. Most recently, the first sample return mission for E-type asteroid 10302 (1989 ML) was proposed by Lin et al (2020), which is expected to bring definitive answers to questions on the composition and evolution of E-type asteroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional indication of E- and M-type asteroids by VIS-NIR reflectance spectra of meteorites

Zhang

et al. 2023

A&A

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Context. E-type asteroids have been linked to aubrites, while M-type asteroids have been linked to enstatite chondrites (ECs) and iron meteorites (IMs). However, as ECs and IMs generally lack absorption characteristics, distinguishing their parent bodies by spectroscopy generally poses a challenge. Aims. We aim to develop a method to distinguish two kinds of M-type asteroids, the parent bodies of ECs and IMs, and to infer their composition. Methods. We measured the visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) reflectance spectra of aubrite, ECs, and IMs. Then we analyzed and compared their spectral parameters, such as the reflectance at 0.55 µm (R0.55), absorption bands, and spectral slopes. We also compared the geometric albedo and spectral slopes of a total of 13 E-type and 14 M-type asteroids. Furthermore, combining the collected radar albedo and density data of M-type asteroids, we discuss their potential composition at different depths. Results. We find that for most meteorites, with the exception of very weak absorption in an aubrite and an EH7 chondrite, ECs and IMs do not show any absorption characteristics. Aubrite shows extremely high reflectance and a negative near-infrared slope (NIRS) and ECs show relatively low reflectance and moderately positive NIRS, while IMs show relatively moderate reflectance and the steepest positive NIRS. Two diagrams plotting with R0.55 and NIRS calculated in the 1.1–1.2 µm and 1.1–1.4 µm bands were subsequently shown to perform optimally at distinguishing aubrite, ECs, and IMs. In addition, M-type asteroids have a wide range of NIRS and diverse radar albedo and densities, whereby 16 Psyche shows high NIRS, radar albedo, and density, while 21 Lutetia is dominated by low values for these parameters. Conclusions. We demonstrate that NIRS is correlated with metal content and increases with metal content. In particular, the NIRS calculated in the 1.1–1.4 µm band is a potentially useful parameter for inferring the surface metal content of E- and M-type asteroids. Based on our results, we suggest that the featureless M-type asteroids ought to be divided into two subtypes: Mm- (e.g., 16 Psyche) and Me-type (e.g., 21 Lutetia) in the aim of characterizing the sources of IMs and ECs, respectively.

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A multisite and anti-cross-contamination brief touch sampler for asteroid sample return mission☆

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Acta Astronautica

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Concepts of the Small Body Sample Return Missions - the 1st 10 Million Year Evolution of the Solar System

Cited by 8 publications

References 115 publications

Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Asteroid and Comet Exploration

Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Asteroid and Comet Exploration

Compositional indication of E- and M-type asteroids by VIS-NIR reflectance spectra of meteorites

A multisite and anti-cross-contamination brief touch sampler for asteroid sample return mission☆

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