Conceptual framework of smart fertilization management for oil palm tree based on IOT and deep learning

Abstract

Oil palm trees contribute economic income to the national and community by generating various types of productions. This will cause an expansion of the area for the plantation of oil palm seeds, then contributes to the stability in distributing good quality oil to accommodate the growing population. Furthermore, degradation occurs when the planting of oil palm trees increases rapidly, especially the occurrence of uncontrolled oil palm cultivation. The degradation can cause loss of soil nutrients due to soil erosion. The lack of macronutrients, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg) on oil palm tree may impact on its growth which includes the quality of crops. Traditional approach to detect macronutrients, can also lead to some improper control in turn leads results in reduction in yield. The existing system has given limited information of dataset and slower classification performance due to limited functions. With the adaptability of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, oil palm tree growth data and fertilization management can be utilizing effortlessly and effectively. The context of conceptual framework comprises the IoT technologies, image processing, machine learning and deep learning which focuses on environmental factors that affecting the young oil palm tree growth that involve temperature, humidity, soil moisture content, light and nutrient. Thus, a study of IoT, machine learning and deep learning for smart fertilization management of oil palm trees is suggested helping and raise the efficiency of oil palm trees management in Malaysia.

Analysing the Performance and Interpretability of CNN-Based Architectures for Plant Nutrient Deficiency Identification

“…Similarly, the lack of Phosphorus (P) is another nutritional factor that limits agricultural production worldwide [20]. These deficiencies can arise from various factors such as soil conditions, inadequate fertilisation, soil pH, and other environmental conditions [21][22][23][24]. If the soil's acidity or alkalinity is off balance (pH) plants cannot absorb the nutrients they need, which hurts their growth [25].…”

Maximizing Oil Palm Yield: Innovative Replanting Strategies for Sustainable Productivity

“…Real-time monitoring of soil conditions, weather patterns, and plant health allows for targeted resource management [48] . This precision application of inputs optimizes irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, resulting in heightened efficiency, reduced waste, and responsible resource conservation [49,50] .…”

Detecting Palm Oil Deficiencies: A Study of Boron, Nitrogen, Potassium, And Magnesium Deficiencies Using Yolov5 Model

“…The eyes can also recognize this visual symptom, usually approximately one week after the nutrient deficits start [3]. The lack of macronutrients, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg) on oil palm tree may impact on its growth which includes the quality of crops [4].…”