Conceptual knowledge-based modeling of interactive 3D content

Abstract

Three-dimensional content offers a powerful medium enabling rich, interactive visualization in virtual and augmented reality systems, which are increasingly used in a variety of application domains, such as education, training, tourism and cultural heritage. The creation of interactive 3D presentations is typically a complex process covering diverse aspects of the content such as geometry, structure, space, appearance, animation and behavior. Recent trends in the development of the semantic web provide new opportunities for simplifying 3D content creation, which may be performed at different levels of abstraction and may encompass the inference of hidden knowledge, which may influence the created content. However, the available approaches to 3D content creation do not enable conceptual knowledgebased modeling of 3D content. The main contribution of this paper is an approach to semantic creation of 3D content. The proposed solution leverages the semantic web techniques to enable conceptual, knowledge-driven content creation. The proposed approach has been implemented and evaluated. It has been shown that the approach can significantly simplify modeling of advanced 3D content presentations in comparison with the available approaches.

Ontology‐Based Representation and Modelling of Synthetic 3D Content: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

“…A method of ontology-based modelling of 3D content is a set of generic activities (e.g. [FW14a]) accomplished sequentially or in parallel, which produce 3D content. Typically, in the activities, ontologies of 3D content are used.…”

“…Furthermore, in some approaches, all activities are based on semantic web ontologies, for example, [KLN*10], whereas in other approaches some activities are not based on ontologies, for example, [DTBRS03, BPKDT04, BDTK*04, BTPK05, KDTM*05, Man05, PDTB*05, DTKPB07, DTKM*07]. The particular activities are described below along with an example of modelling a virtual museum exhibition [FW14a]. The modelling process is presented in Figure .…”

“…If semantic reflection is followed by the other modelling activities, semantic elements are encoded using a common semantic web technique to preserve cross‐compatibility in the further configuration and transformation [Wal12b]. Semantic elements may represent different features of 3D content, such as geometry, structure, space, appearance, animation and behaviour at different levels of abstraction [FW13e, FW14a]. In general, semantic elements can modify, extend and gather the meaning of their prototype syntactic elements, for example, a piece of furniture reflects a set of meshes; different kinds of wood reflect different textures and shininess [FW13b].…”

“…Hybrid 3D content representations are combinations of the previous two types of representations—they cover 3D content at both concrete and conceptual levels of abstraction. To combine both types of representations, mapping is typically used [DTBRS03, BPKDT04, PDTB*05, Bil07, FW13b, FW14a]. Therefore, the elaboration of hybrid ontologies of 3D content demands more effort, and this still gains little attention from the research community.…”

“…In a few of the available approaches, the modelling process is separated into activities that may be accomplished by different users. In the methods of ontology‐based modelling based on mapping between concrete and conceptual levels of abstraction [BDTK*04, BTPK05, KDTM*05, FW13e, FW14a], conceptual content representations are created by domain experts according to the domain‐specific ontologies, while the concrete representation ontologies may be used by an expert in computer graphics.…”