“…Researchers have determined that difficult concepts and overwhelming workloads cause a loss of motivation and a decrease in the level of engagement in engineering students (Marasco et al, 2016; Ruipérez-Valiente et al, 2017). To solve these problems, the studies conducted in the abovementioned fields suggested the use of gamification in the learning environment, curriculum (e.g., Uskov & Sekar, 2014), and course (e.g., Díaz-Ramírez, 2020; Ntokos, 2019; Pastushenko et al, 2019; Söbke, 2019) or course activities, such as laboratory work, discussions, homework, and projects (e.g., Hammerschall, 2019; Kim et al, 2016, 2018; Lambruschini & Pizarro, 2015; Leung & Pluskwik, 2018; Marasco, et al, 2016). These studies revealed that there was an increase in self-efficacy, motivation, engagement, and learning for engineering students when the instruction was gamified.…”