Conceptualising technology, its development and future: The six genres of technology

Harwood, Stephen; Eaves, Sally

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120174

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In effect, there appears to be a tacit assumption that the collection of objective ‘big data’ is the key to provide more pertinent and relevant information to promote athletes’ health and improve athletic performance [ 11 ]. Further, moves towards cyborgization—the integration of measurement and computational technologies into human bodies [ 12 , 13 ]—suggest that current trends of sports monitoring are continuing to evolve towards the tracking of ever-increasing streams of objective data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

Montull

Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė

Kiely

et al. 2022

Sports Med - Open

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Current trends in sports monitoring are characterized by the massive collection of tech-based biomechanical, physiological and performance data, integrated through mathematical algorithms. However, the application of algorithms, predicated on mechanistic assumptions of how athletes operate, cannot capture, assess and adequately promote athletes’ health and performance. The objective of this paper is to reorient the current integrative proposals of sports monitoring by re-conceptualizing athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS contain higher-order perceptual units that provide continuous and multilevel integrated information about performer–environment interactions. Such integrative properties offer exceptional possibilities of subjective monitoring for outperforming any objective monitoring system. Future research should investigate how to enhance this human potential to contribute further to athletes’ health and performance. This line of argument is not intended to advocate for the elimination of objective assessments, but to highlight the integrative possibilities of subjective monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

Montull

Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė

Kiely

et al. 2022

Sports Med - Open

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“…Within home and childhood environments, a global socio-technical change has occurred over the last decade through the growing presence of commercially available Digital Voice Assistants (DVAs) like Amazon’s ‘Alexa’, Apple’s ‘Siri’, or Google’s ‘Google Assistant’ (Vlahos 2019 ). For educational and developmental research, DVAs are not only relevant in terms of their socio-technical omnipresence across the globe, but also in terms of their ontological nature as experienced by today’s children (e.g., due to DVAs’ conceptual parallels with organically living entities, such as their capacity to emulate peculiar qualities of human beings like the autonomous use of human language and speech; Festerling and Siraj 2020 , 2021 ; Harwood and Eaves 2020 ; Nass and Brave 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring children’s exposure to voice assistants and their ontological conceptualizations of life and technology

2022

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Digital Voice Assistants (DVAs) have become a ubiquitous technology in today’s home and childhood environments. Inspired by (Bernstein and Crowley, J Learn Sci 17:225–247, 2008) original study (n = 60, age 4–7 years) on how children’s ontological conceptualizations of life and technology were systematically associated with their real-world exposure to robotic entities, the current study explored this association for children in their middle childhood (n = 143, age 7–11 years) and with different levels of DVA-exposure. We analyzed correlational survey data from 143 parent–child dyads who were recruited on ‘Amazon Mechanical Turk’ (MTurk). Children’s ontological conceptualization patterns of life and technology were measured by asking them to conceptualize nine prototypical organically living and technological entities (e.g., humans, cats, smartphones, DVAs) with respect to their biology, intelligence, and psychology. Their ontological conceptualization patterns were then associated with their DVA-exposure and additional control variables (e.g., children’s technological affinity, demographic/individual characteristics). Compared to biology and psychology, intelligence was a less differentiating factor for children to differentiate between organically living and technological entities. This differentiation pattern became more pronounced with technological affinity. There was some evidence that children with higher DVA-exposure differentiated more rigorously between organically living and technological entities on the basis of psychology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring children’s real-world exposure to DVAs and how it is associated with their conceptual understandings of life and technology. Findings suggest although psychological conceptualizations of technology may become more pronounced with DVA-exposure, it is far from clear such tendencies blur ontological boundaries between life and technology from children’s perspective.

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“…But it is not only the growing socio-technical omnipresence of DVAs which could make them an important case for developmental research, but also their potential ontological momentum as experienced by today's children. DVAs are part of the human-technology dyad which has evolved since humans first used stones to break open coconuts or fallen trees to bridge rivers (Harwood & Eaves, 2020). In this dyad, DVAs represent the stage of "autonomous technological beings" (Harwood & Eaves, 2020, p.7), which are able to emulate peculiar qualities of human beings like language and speech, and, as Nass & Brave (Nass & Brave, 2005, p.3 emphasis in original) point out, "over the course of 200,000 years of evolution, humans have become voice-activated with brains that are wired to equate voices with people and to act quickly on that identification".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropomorphizing Technology: A Conceptual Review of Anthropomorphism Research and How it Relates to Children’s Engagements with Digital Voice Assistants

Festerling

Siraj

2021

Integr. psych. behav.

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Abstract‘Anthropomorphism’ is a popular term in the literature on human-technology engagements, in general, and child-technology engagements, in particular. But what does it really mean to ‘anthropomorphize’ something in today’s world? This conceptual review article, addressed to researchers interested in anthropomorphism and adjacent areas, reviews contemporary anthropomorphism research, and it offers a critical perspective on how anthropomorphism research relates to today’s children who grow up amid increasingly intelligent and omnipresent technologies, particularly digital voice assistants (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri). First, the article reviews a comprehensive body of quantitative as well as qualitative anthropomorphism research and considers it within three different research perspectives: descriptive, normative and explanatory. Following a brief excursus on philosophical pragmatism, the article then discusses each research perspective from a pragmatistic viewpoint, with a special emphasis on child-technology and child-voice-assistant engagements, and it also challenges some popular notions in the literature. These notions include descriptive ‘as if’ parallels (e.g., child behaves ‘as if’ Alexa was a friend), or normative assumptions that human-human engagements are generally superior to human-technology engagements. Instead, the article reviews different examples from the literature suggesting the nature of anthropomorphism may change as humans’ experiential understandings of humanness change, and this may particularly apply to today’s children as their social cognition develops in interaction with technological entities which are increasingly characterized by unprecedented combinations of human and non-human qualities.

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Conceptualising technology, its development and future: The six genres of technology

Cited by 29 publications

References 75 publications

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

Exploring children’s exposure to voice assistants and their ontological conceptualizations of life and technology

Anthropomorphizing Technology: A Conceptual Review of Anthropomorphism Research and How it Relates to Children’s Engagements with Digital Voice Assistants

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