Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future

Shipp, Abbie J.; Edwards, Jeffrey R.; Lambert, Lisa Schurer

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.05.001

Cited by 560 publications

(882 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…To examine the unique effect of self-construal type on shaping proactive behavior, we included future temporal focus as a control variable for both types of proactive behavior. We used four items developed by Shipp, Edwards, and Lambert (2009). Response categories ranged from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly agree").…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: Interactive Effects of Self-construals and Work Characteristics

Parker

et al. 2018

AMJ

120

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LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author's final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. 1 WHEN AND WHY PEOPLE ENGAGE IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROACTIVE BEHAVIOR: INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SELF-CONSTRUALS AND WORK CHARACTERISTICS ABSTRACTWhen and why do people engage in different forms of proactive behavior at work? We propose that, as a result of a process of trait activation, employees with different types of self-construal engage in distinct forms of proactive behavior if they work in environments consistent with their self-construals. In an experimental Study 1 (N = 61), we examined the effect of self-construals on proactivity and found that people primed with interdependent self-construals engaged in more work unit-oriented proactive behavior when job interdependence also was manipulated. Priming independent self-construals did not enhance career-oriented proactive behavior, even when we manipulated job autonomy. In a field Study 2 (N = 205), we found that employees with interdependent self-construals working in jobs with high interdependence reported higher work unit commitment and higher work unit-oriented proactive behavior than employees in low interdependent jobs. Employees with independent self-construals working in jobs with high autonomy also exhibited stronger career commitment and more career-oriented proactive behavior than those in jobs with low autonomy. This research offers a theoretical framework to explain how dispositional and situational factors interactively shape people's engagement in different forms of proactive behavior.Keywords: Self-construal, Job design, Proactive behavior, Trait activation, Commitment 3 WHEN AND WHY PEOPLE ENGAGE IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROACTIVE BEHAVIOR: INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SELF-CONSTRUALS AND WORK CHARACTERISTICSThere is a pressing need for proactive behavior in today's global work context (Crant, 2000).It has become increasingly important to anticipate opportunities and initiate actions to operate effectively in complex and uncertain work environments (Campbell, 2000;Griffin, Neal, & Parker, 2007). Consequently, scholars have investigated proactive behavior, defined as "self-initiated and future-oriented action that aims to change and improve the situation or oneself" (Parker, Williams, & Turner, 2006, p. 636 Although researchers who focus on co...

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Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I am motivated to work because it is important to me to do good for others through my work. Future temporal focus (Shipp et al, 2009) 1. I think about what my future has in store.…”

Section: Appendix B Items For Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: Interactive Effects of Self-construals and Work Characteristics

Parker

et al. 2018

AMJ

120

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“…These differences in approach to some degree reflect the fact that different measures take different views on what is meant by future time perspective (see also Shipp, Edwards, & Lambert, 2009, for an overview of different measures). Some researchers have asked participants to graphically represent the importance of the future relative to the past and present as a way of measuring future time perspective.…”

Section: Measures and Conceptualizations Of Delay Discounting And Futmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation Between Time Perspective and Delay Discounting: A Literature Review

Teuscher

Mitchell

2011

Psychol Rec

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“…Such agentic traits influence the types of anticipatory FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE META-ANALYSIS 19 scenarios that individuals construct, and individuals with higher agentic traits are more likely to envision successful scenarios. Since individuals with higher internal locus of control, selfefficacy, and self-esteem believe that their own behavior can lead to desired outcomes, they set goals and make plans to reach them (Shipp et al, 2009). As such, they anticipate long-term consequences of a potential action, suggesting a positive association between agentic traits and FTP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, they anticipate long-term consequences of a potential action, suggesting a positive association between agentic traits and FTP. Similarly, Shipp et al (2009) argue that agentic traits are associated to FTP through their positive influence on goal pursuit. Individuals who expect that they can influence their life circumstances are more likely to set goals and plan to reach desired outcomes, resulting in a higher FTP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future time perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kooij¹,

Kanfer²,

Betts³

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Psychology

359

310

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Future time perspectiveKooij, Dorien; Kanfer, R.; Betts, M.; Rudolph, C.W. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The ability to foresee, anticipate, and plan for future desired outcomes is crucial for wellbeing, motivation, and behavior. However, theories in organizational psychology do not incorporate time-related constructs such as Future Time Perspective (FTP), and research on FTP remains disjointed and scattered, with different domains focusing on different aspects of the construct, using different measures, and assessing different antecedents and consequences. In this review and meta-analysis, we aim to clarify the FTP construct, advance its theoretical development, and demonstrate its importance by: (a) integrating theory and empirical findings across different domains of research in order to identify major outcomes and antecedents of FTP, and (b) empirically examining whether and how these variables are moderated by FTP measures and dimensions. Results of a meta-analysis of k = 212 studies reveal significant relationships between FTP and major classes of consequences (i.e., those related to achievement, well-being, health behavior, risk behavior, and retirement planning), and between antecedents and FTP, as well as moderating effects of different FTP measures and dimensions. Highlighting the importance of FTP for organizational psychology theories, our findings demonstrate that FTP predicts these outcomes over-and-above the big five personality traits and mediates the associations between these personality traits and outcomes.Keywords: future time perspective; integrative review; meta-analysis; nomological network FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE META-ANALYSIS 3 Future Time Perspective: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis "We all have our time machines. Some take us back, they're called memories.Some take us forward, they're called dreams." (Irons, 1948).Time surrounds and embeds all human behavior (McGrath & Kelly, 1992). Time provides individuals with a benchmark for orienting the self in the midst of myriad ongoing activities in work and non-work life roles, such as learning, task performance, and parenting.Time also provides individuals with a point of reference (Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011;Ringle & Savickas, 1983) and a salient metric by which to organize, construct, re...

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Conceptualization and measurement of temporal focus: The subjective experience of the past, present, and future

Cited by 560 publications

References 118 publications

When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: Interactive Effects of Self-construals and Work Characteristics

When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: Interactive Effects of Self-construals and Work Characteristics

Relation Between Time Perspective and Delay Discounting: A Literature Review

Future time perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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