“…During construction and operation of major engineering projects, for example, civil engineering, mining engineering, hydraulic engineering, and petroleum engineering, the structures built in or on rock mass not only bear the complex in situ conditions, for example, stress, seepage, faulting, and thermal and chemical coupling, but also often encounter a variety of dynamic disturbances (e.g., blasting, TBM excavation, hydraulic fracturing, geological drilling, and rockburst during engineering construction, natural earthquakes, driving loads, sequential explosions, or even military attacks during engineering operation), whose strain rate is over the threshold value. 5,[194][195][196][197] Therefore, understanding the responses of flawed rocks to engineering disturbances, especially the dynamic strength and dynamic crack propagation characteristics, is essential to guarantee the reliability and safety of engineering projects during construction and operation periods. 5,198 Although rock masses are often subjected to dynamic disturbances, the mechanical and volumetric fracturing behavior of rock under dynamic loading is still poorly understood.…”