Conceptualization and validation of an open-source closed-loop deep brain stimulation system in rat

Wu, Hemmings; Ghekiere, Hartwin; Beeckmans, Dorien; Tambuyzer, Tim; Kuyck, Kris van; Aerts, Jean‐Marie; Nuttin, Bart

doi:10.1038/srep09921

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The reason is that closed-loop devices deliver electrical stimulation based on the state of the brain. Therefore, these devices remain less active over a course of time which results in a reduction of the electrical energy delivered to the brain [ 4 ]. However, closed-loop devices have extra recording and processing circuits that could increase the overall power consumption of the device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, patients may also benefit from fewer surgeries for replacement of the neurostimulator battery as a result of less power consumption in non-continuous stimulations [ 3 ]. Little et al [ 3 ] and Wu et al [ 4 ] reported that in order to obtain similar results from open-loop and closed-loop DBS, 44% less electrical stimulation is required using closed-loop DBS, which means higher efficiency, fewer surgery numbers, lower power consumption, and longer battery lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices

Parastarfeizabadi

Kouzani

2017

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

185

147

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BackgroundMillions of patients around the world are affected by neurological and psychiatric disorders. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a device-based therapy that could have fewer side-effects and higher efficiencies in drug-resistant patients compared to other therapeutic options such as pharmacological approaches. Thus far, several efforts have been made to incorporate a feedback loop into DBS devices to make them operate in a closed-loop manner.MethodsThis paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the existing research-based and commercial closed-loop DBS devices. It describes a brief history of closed-loop DBS techniques, biomarkers and algorithms used for closing the feedback loop, components of the current research-based and commercial closed-loop DBS devices, and advancements and challenges in this field of research. This review also includes a comparison of the closed-loop DBS devices and provides the future directions of this area of research.ResultsAlthough we are in the early stages of the closed-loop DBS approach, there have been fruitful efforts in design and development of closed-loop DBS devices. To date, only one commercial closed-loop DBS device has been manufactured. However, this system does not have an intelligent and patient dependent control algorithm. A closed-loop DBS device requires a control algorithm to learn and optimize the stimulation parameters according to the brain clinical state.ConclusionsThe promising clinical effects of open-loop DBS have been demonstrated, indicating DBS as a pioneer technology and treatment option to serve neurological patients. However, like other commercial devices, DBS needs to be automated and modernized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices

Parastarfeizabadi

Kouzani

2017

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

185

147

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“…We used a wired, current-controlled stimulation system (STG 4008, Multi Channel Systems MCS GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany) and examined biphasic pulse-shapes with interphase gaps of 0 µs (standard biphasic pulse, BP), 60 µs (IPG60) and 120 µs (IPG120). Frequency and pulse width were set at 130 Hz and 60 µs, respectively, based on a previous study performed by our research group 19 . Stimulation amplitudes were gradually increased in 25 µA steps, to avoid acute behavioral side effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the effect of pulse-shape on grey and white matter stimulation in the rat brain

Luyck

Luyten

Tambuyzer

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Despite the current success of neuromodulation, standard biphasic, rectangular pulse shapes may not be optimal to achieve symptom alleviation. Here, we compared stimulation efficiency (in terms of charge) between complex and standard pulses in two areas of the rat brain. In motor cortex, Gaussian and interphase gap stimulation (IPG) increased stimulation efficiency in terms of charge per phase compared with a standard pulse. Moreover, IPG stimulation of the deep mesencephalic reticular formation in freely moving rats was more efficient compared to a standard pulse. We therefore conclude that complex pulses are superior to standard stimulation, as less charge is required to achieve the same behavioral effects in a motor paradigm. These results have important implications for the understanding of electrical stimulation of the nervous system and open new perspectives for the design of the next generation of safe and efficient neural implants.

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“…A major DBS manufacturer has demonstrated a Bsensing^system that can record from the human brain and provide those signals to clinicians [117] and has proven that it can be used for closedloop control in an epilepsy-like application [118•, 119]. On the animal side, several groups have demonstrated open hardware platforms that can readily be customized to enable closed-loop control of brain activity with commodity parts [120][121][122], and a system resembling those was successfully used for closedloop control of psychiatrically relevant brain areas in rodents [123•]. Biomarkers are the greater challenge.…”

Section: Responsive Closed-loop Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Refractory Mood and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Widge

Dougherty

2015

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an invasive therapy in which electrodes are surgically placed into the brain and deliver continuous electrical stimulation. It was originally developed for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. As evidence emerged that certain mental disorders involved abnormal function of specific brain nuclei, multiple investigators launched trials of DBS for mental disorders, particularly major depression (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While open-label results were promising, recent large well-designed clinical trials in MDD have failed. We review the result of major DBS studies to date in psychiatry and what they have taught us about DBS' safety and efficacy. We further review a variety of animal and human neuroscience studies that have started to shed light on DBS' mechanisms of action at multiple brain targets. From these, we identify major trends that are likely to drive psychiatric DBS development in the coming decade, including Bclosed-loop^responsive stimulation, biomarker-based patient selection, and a better modeling of phenotypic heterogeneity within mental disorders. We conclude that on balance, DBS remains promising as a psychiatric treatment, but recent evidence highlights a clear need for further development and a better understanding of mechanisms.

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Conceptualization and validation of an open-source closed-loop deep brain stimulation system in rat

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices

Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices

An evaluation of the effect of pulse-shape on grey and white matter stimulation in the rat brain

Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Refractory Mood and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

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