Conceptualizing Community Oriented Primary Care (COPC) – the Tshwane, South Africa, health post model

Bam, Nomonde; Marcus, Tessa S.; Hugo, Jannie; Kinkel, Hans-Friedemann

doi:10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.423

Cited by 42 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Hearing screenings were conducted as part of an existing COPC initiative aimed at collecting and managing health status assessment data (Bam, Marcus, Hugo, & Kinkel, 2013). Community members were recruited as CHWs to carry out primary health care within the COPC service (Marcus, 2014).…”

Section: Procedures For Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone hearing screening in mHealth assisted community-based primary care

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Access to ear and hearing health is a challenge in developing countries, where the burden of disabling hearing loss is greatest. This study investigated community-based identification of hearing loss using smartphone hearing screening (hearScreen TM) operated by community health workers (CHWs) in terms of clinical efficacy and the reported experiences of CHWs. Method: The study comprised two phases. During phase one, 24 CHWs performed community-based hearing screening as part of their regular home visits over 12 weeks in an underserved community, using automated test protocols employed by the hearScreen TM smartphone application, operating on low-cost smartphones with calibrated headphones. During phase two, CHWs completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions and experiences of the community-based screening programme. Results: Data analysis was conducted on the results of 108 children (2-15 years) and 598 adults (16-85 years). Referral rates for children and adults were 12% and 6.5% respectively. Noise exceeding permissible levels had a significant effect on screen results at 25 dB at 1 kHz (p<0.05). Age significantly affected adult referral rates (p < 0.05), demonstrating a lower rate (4.3%) in younger as opposed to older adults (13.2%). CHWs were positive regarding the hearScreen TM solution in terms of usability, need for services, value to community members and time efficiency. Conclusion: Smartphone-based hearing screening allows CHWs to bring hearing health care to underserved communities at a primary care level. Active noise monitoring and data management features allow for quality control and remote monitoring for surveillance and follow-up.

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Section: Procedures For Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone hearing screening in mHealth assisted community-based primary care

et al. 2016

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“…More should be done to encourage parents to reschedule appointments if they were unable to attend. Initiatives such as community oriented primary health care may be utilised to follow up on infants and young chilldren and to create awareness on developmental delays and the importance of early intervention by means of home visits by community health workers 50 . Telephone call reminders and home visits by community health workers to reschedule missed appointments have been found to be successful in a hearing screening programme in South Africa 24 .…”

Section: Logistical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental screening: predictors of follow-up adherence in primary health care

Schoeman¹,

Swanepoel²,

Linde³

2017

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: The importance of early identification for infants and young children with developmental delays is well established. Poor follow-up on referrals, however, undermines the effectiveness of early intervention programmes. Objectives: To identify factors, including text message reminders, that influence follow-up adherence for early intervention after developmental screening in primary health care. A secondary objective surveyed reasons for follow-up default. Methods: The PEDS tools were used to screen 247 high-risk children. A risk assessment questionnaire was completed with caregivers whose children were referred for speech-language and/or occupational therapy (n=106, 43%). A quasi-experimental correlational study was employed to identify risk factors for defaulting on appointments. A thematic analysis of telephonic interviews was also employed to determine reasons for follow-up defaults. Results: Follow-up adherence was 17%. Participants who were never married, divorced or widowed were 2.88 times more likely to attend a follow-up appointment than those who were married or living together (95%, CI 0.97-8.63). Text message reminders did not improve follow-up. More than half (58%) of participants who defaulted on appontments could be reached for telephonic interviews. Interviews showed that 87% of participants were unconcerned about their child's development. Other reasons for defaulting were employment, logistical issues, other responsibilities and forgetfulness. Conclusion: Follow-up adherence for early intervention services following a positive primary health care screen was poor. Increased awareness and education regarding the importance of development for educational success is needed.

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“…[29] Collaboration with community healthcare workers as part of community-orientated primary healthcare in SA may improve responsiveness of these families as continued support will be provided. [30] Future research should evaluate the implementation of preventive measures such as awareness campaigns and developmental screening and surveillance as part of the communityorientated primary healthcare initiative.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and nature of communication delays in a South African primary healthcare context

et al. 2016

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Establishing the prevalence of communication delays or disorders enables appropriate planning for service delivery and successful implementation of intervention strategies, which may ultimately result in a decline in the prevalence of the disorder.[4] Despite previous efforts [13] to improve early identification of infants with delayed communication development in primary healthcare settings of SA, this practice remains uncommon. [14] Establishing the prevalence of communication delays in infants from underserved communities in SA will, however, advocate for the implementation of early identification and intervention services.An adequate understanding of the prevalence and nature of communication delays in a specific population improves classification of communication delays.[1] Previous research has focused only on speech and receptive and expressive language delays and has not evaluated all the aspects of communication development such as pragmatics and interaction-attachment.[4] Most large-scale prevalence studies have used a broad classification of communication delays, and as a result the true nature of these delays has been obscured.[1] Understanding the nature of communication delays allows predictions that are of clinical and research significance, i.e. early use of gestures predicts later vocabulary development and early word use predicts later social-emotional development. [15] Since there is a dearth of information on the prevalence and nature of communication delays in infants 12 months and younger, the Background. Communication delays are the most common impairment in early childhood and have a negative effect on long-term academic, psychological and social development. Baseline prevalence of communication delays or disorders enables adequate planning of service delivery and successful implementation of intervention strategies, to reduce disorder prevalence. Objective. To determine the prevalence and describe the nature of communication delays in infants aged 6 -12 months in underserved communities in South Africa (SA). Method. A parent interview and the Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale (RITLS) were used to collect data from the caregivers of 201 infants aged 6 -12 months by means of convenience sampling at primary healthcare facilities in the Tshwane district, SA. Results. Thirteen percent (n=26) of infants were diagnosed with communication delay. Associations affecting language delays were established for three risk factors (i.e. housing status, age of mother and number of siblings). The effect of combined risk factors on language development revealed that an infant was at greatest risk (27% probability) of developing a language delay when: (i) mothers were between the ages of 19 and 34 years; (ii) parents owned their own home; and (iii) there were three or more children in the household. Conclusion. The prevalence of communication delays in the sample population was high, possibly because the majority of infants were exposed to risk factors. The implementation of preventive measures such as...

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Conceptualizing Community Oriented Primary Care (COPC) – the Tshwane, South Africa, health post model

Abstract: Conceptualizing Community Oriented Primary Care(COPC) – the Tshwane, South Africa, health post model

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Smartphone hearing screening in mHealth assisted community-based primary care

Smartphone hearing screening in mHealth assisted community-based primary care

Developmental screening: predictors of follow-up adherence in primary health care

Prevalence and nature of communication delays in a South African primary healthcare context

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