Conceptualizing Sex as a Status Characteristic: Applications to Leadership Training Strategies

Lockheed, Marlaine E.; Hall, Katherine Patterson

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02600.x

Cited by 229 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Pour beaucoup de chercheuses et théoriciennes féministes (Aries 1976;Lips 1981;Lockheed et Hall 1976, Meeker et Weitzel-O'Neil 1977, les différences entre les comportements des hommes et ceux des femmes sont attribuables au processus de socialisation, dont le résultat est de donner aux hommes un statut supérieur à celui des femmes. Le modèle développé par Meeker et Weitzel-O'Neill (1977), à la suite de Berger et ses collègues (1972) (Meeker et Weitzel-O'Neill 1977 : 95)'.…”

Section: à Partir D'une éPistémologie Féministeunclassified

Le pouvoir des femmes dans les groupes restreints

Landry¹

2005

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Cet article rend compte d'une recherche exploratoire sur le pouvoir et les stratégies d'influence dans trois groupes restreints naturels mixtes, menée au moyen d'un questionnaire permettant de déceler la structure du pouvoir et d'une grille d'observation originale. Les résultats sont les suivants. Les premiers rangs dans la structure du pouvoir sont occupés surtout par les hommes; au terme d'un long processus, il y a émergence de deux jeunes femmes comme leaders dans leurs groupes; un plus grand pouvoir d'expert est attribué aux hommes; peu de différences significatives apparaissent entre les stratégies utilisées par les femmes et par les hommes; enfin, il y a quasi-absence de liens entre pouvoir de référence et stratégies d'influence. Les résultats sont interprétés à partir d'un cadre théorique et épistémologique féministe et permettent de remettre en cause le modèle théorique du leadership complémentaire (instrumental et socio-émotif) de Bales.This article reports on an exploratory research on power and influence in three natural small mixed groups. The instruments used are a rank order questionnaire revealing the power structure within small groups and an original observation grid of influence strategies. The results are a follows. The first ranks within the power structure are mainly occupied by men; at the end of a long process, two young women emerge as leaders within their groups; more expert power is attributed to men than women; very few significant differences are found between influence strategies used by women and men; and practically no links are noticeable between reference power and influence strategies. These results are interpreted from a feminist epistemological frame of reference and lead to the questioning of Bales' complementary leadership theory

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Section: à Partir D'une éPistémologie Féministeunclassified

Le pouvoir des femmes dans les groupes restreints

Landry¹

2005

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“…Together, these studies suggest that "when women exhibit the exact same competent behavior as men do, even though that behavior is, in fact, perceived to convey competence in women as well as men, women still remain at a disadvantage" [26, p. 731]. In negotiation or interview situations, when women communicate a desire for personal gain (getting a better salary or a job offer), they are likely to be ineffective [35,4].…”

Section: Self-presentation and Social Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Brouer

Stefanone

Badawy

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…Correll and Ridgeway (2003) also note that performance expectations can arise from behavioral interchange patterns (Fisek, Berger, & Norman, differentially evaluated states wherein 1) one state of D is more highly valued than the other state, 2) to each state of D there corresponds a distinct set of specific expectations, and 3) to each state of D there is also a corresponding set of general expectations (Berger, Fisek, Norman, & Zelditch, 1977). Empirical research finds that educational attainment, race, gender, age, beauty, and occupation operate as diffuse status characteristics (e.g., Cohen & Roper, 1972;Freese, 1974;Kelley, Rogalin, Soboroff, Lucas, & Lovaglia, 2009;Lockheed & Hall, 1976;Markovsky, Berger, & Smith, 1984;Meeker & Weitzel-O'Neill, 1977;Webster & Driskell, 1978Webster, Hysom, & Fullmer, 1998;Zelditch, Lauderdale, & Stublarec, 1980). A specific status characteristic (C) also has at least two differentially evaluated states but satisfies only conditions 1) and 2), not 3).…”

Section: Reward Expectations Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Status Information Conveyance on the Distribution of Negative Rewards: A Preliminary Test and Model

Dilks¹,

McGrimmon²,

Thye³

2017

Advances in Group Processes

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PurposeTo determine the role of status information conveyance in a negative reward allocation setting. MethodologyUsing previously published experimental data we test the relative effects of status information conveyed by expressive and indicative status cues on the allocation of a negative reward. Further, we construct an alternative graph theoretic model of expectation advantage which is also tested to determine its model fit relative to the classic model of Reward Expectations Theory. FindingsResults provide strong support for the conclusion that status information conveyed by expressive status cues influences reward allocations more than information conveyed by indicative cues. We also find evidence that our alternative graph theoretic model of expectation advantage improves model fit. OriginalityThis research is the first to test the relative impact of expressive versus indicative status cues on the allocation of negative rewards and shows that status characteristics can have differential impacts on these allocations contingent on how characteristics are conveyed. Furthermore, the research suggests a graph theoretic model that allows for this differentiation based on information conveyance and provides empirical support for its structure in a negative reward allocation environment. Research limitationsFuture research is required to validate the results in positive reward situations. Social implicationsThe results show that an individual's expectations are altered by varying the manner in which status information is presented thereby influencing the construction and maintenance of status hierarchies and the inequalities those structures generate. Thus, this research has implications for any group or evaluative task where status processes are relevant.

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Conceptualizing Sex as a Status Characteristic: Applications to Leadership Training Strategies

Cited by 229 publications

References 36 publications

Le pouvoir des femmes dans les groupes restreints

Le pouvoir des femmes dans les groupes restreints

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Assessing the Impact of Status Information Conveyance on the Distribution of Negative Rewards: A Preliminary Test and Model

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