“…The limited existing literature on the alliance termination stage, finally, has explored the different types of alliance termination (Madhok et al , 2015; Makino et al , 2007; Min, 2017; Schmoltzi and Wallenburg, 2012), the factors contributing to termination (Gundolf et al , 2018; Pangarkar, 2003, 2009; Sadowski and Duysters, 2008; Shi, 1998; Tsang and Yip, 2007; Yamanoi and Cao, 2014; Zhao and Wang, 2017) and the mode of alliance termination (Pangarkar, 2009; Pedada et al , 2020; Reuer and Zollo, 2005; Sadowski and Duysters, 2008). Compared to the other three stages of alliances (Christoffersen, 2013; Cui, 2013; Dan and Zondag, 2016; Dhir et al , 2021; Dickson et al , 2018; Ferreira and Franco, 2019; Polidoro et al , 2011), the literature on alliance termination remains relatively underexplored. However, an increasing global trend toward alliance termination has encouraged academicians to attend to this stage, and research focused on this domain is gradually increasing (refer to Figure 1).…”