Most of the early Hungarian tribes originated from the Volga-Kama and South-Ural regions, where they were composed of a mixed population based on historical, philological and archaeological data. Here we present the uniparental genetic makeup of the medieval era of these regions that served as a melting pot for ethnic groups with different linguistic and historical backgrounds. Representing diverse cultural contexts, the new genetic data originates from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6-13th century), pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from Volga-Ural region (6-14th century) and their neighbours. By examining the Hungarian prehistory's eastern archaeological traits, we also study their genetic composition and origin in an interdisciplinary framework. We analysed 110 deep sequenced mitogenomes and 42 Y-chromosome haplotypes from 18 archaeological sites from Russia. The results support the studied groups' genetic relationships regardless of geographical distances, suggesting large-scale mobility. We detected long-lasting genetic connections between the sites representing the Kushnarenkovo and Chiyalik cultures and the Carpathian Basin Hungarians and confirmed the Uralic transmission of several East-Eurasian uniparental lineages in their genepool. Based on phylogenetics, we demonstrate and model the connections and splits of the studied Volga-Ural and conqueror groups. Early Hungarians and their alliances conquested the Carpathian Basin in the 890s AD. Re-analysis of the Hungarian conquerors' maternal genepool reveals numerous surviving maternal relationships in both sexes, therefore we conclude that men and women came to the Carpathian Basin together, and although they were subsequently genetically fused into the local population of the area, certain eastern lineages survived for centuries.