Concerns about Misinterpretation of Recent Scientific Data Implicating Dromedary Camels in Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Samara, Emad M.; Abdoun, Khalid A.

doi:10.1128/mbio.01430-14

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Subsequent studies on dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia [56], Qatar [57], and Egypt [58] show that live MERS-CoV can be isolated primarily from the nasal swabs of camels, showing that camels are potential source of MERS-CoV infection. However, many confirmed cases lack contact history with camels [59], suggesting direct human-to-human transmission, or through contact with a yet-to-be-identified animal species that is maintaining MERS-CoV. Studies on HKU4, a coronavirus of bat origin and the most phylogenically closely related to MERS-CoV, had shown that HKU4 is able to utilize the CD26 receptor for virus entry [60].…”

Section: Ecology Of Human Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Wong

Shi

et al. 2016

Trends in Microbiology

2,659

2,634

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Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were first described in the 1960s for patients with the common cold. Since then, more HCoVs have been discovered, including those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), two pathogens that, upon infection, can cause fatal respiratory disease in humans. It was recently discovered that dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia harbor three different HCoV species, including a dominant MERS HCoV lineage that was responsible for the outbreaks in the Middle East and South Korea during 2015. In this review we aim to compare and contrast the different HCoVs with regard to epidemiology and pathogenesis, in addition to the virus evolution and recombination events which have, on occasion, resulted in outbreaks amongst humans.

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Section: Ecology Of Human Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Wong

Shi

et al. 2016

Trends in Microbiology

2,659

2,634

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“…MERS-CoV isolation and subsequent full genome sequencing directly linked a dromedary camel and a fatal MERS-CoV case in a person in Saudi Arabia (20,21). Despite these associations, the role of camels as a primary reservoir for MERS-CoV is still debated (22,23). Here we report on the experimental inoculation of 3 camels with a human isolate of MERS-CoV.…”

Section: T He Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Replication and Shedding of MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract of Inoculated Dromedary Camels

Adney¹,

Doremalen²,

Brown³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

251

322

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“…Notably, infected camels shed viruses not only through respiratory route but also through fecal-oral route, which is also the main route for virus shedding from bats. However, questions still remain since many confirmed cases of MERS have no contact history with camels prior to symptom onset [58], plausibly ascribed to human-to-human transmission or unknown transmission routes involving unrecognized animal species that harbour MERS-CoV. These merit further investigations.…”

Section: Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years. Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold. The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and lifethreatening an HCoV infection could be. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV. HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well. Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic. The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known. Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases. Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans. In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination. The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context. In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.

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Concerns about Misinterpretation of Recent Scientific Data Implicating Dromedary Camels in Epidemiology of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

Replication and Shedding of MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract of Inoculated Dromedary Camels

Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses

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