Concerted Emission and Local Potentiometry of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Rodovsky, Deanna B.; Reid, Obadiah G.; Pingree, Liam S. C.; Ginger, David S.

doi:10.1021/nn1003315

Cited by 87 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The accumulation of ions at metal-organic interfaces may modify the injection barriers for charge carriers. [26][27][28] This effect results in the formation of a rectifying junction at the drain electrode, which is responsible for the ratchet operation as a charge pump. [ 15 ] It is worth noting that the as-prepared devices show no rectifi cation, nor do they possess transistor characteristics within reasonable range of voltages due to the large thickness of the adhesive tape dielectric d ≈ 55 µm (see Figures S2 and S3, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500344mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

Брус

Collins

Mikhnenko

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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channel-gate capacitor are extracted through both electrodes, since the diode at the drain electrode is opened and therefore does not suppress the current fl ow. There is no bias applied between the source and drain electrodes. This working mechanism results in a directional motion of charge carriers toward the drain electrode within the whole period of the AC signal and is referred to as a "charge pump." [ 15 ] Although these devices have previously shown high output parameters, their preparation is relatively costly, requiring lithography and the vacuum deposition of precious metal. For some applications, such as disposable smart labeling devices, low production cost becomes one of the key requirements. Here we report a simple, handdrawn, low-cost and environmentally friendly technique for the fabrication of solution-processed fl exible ionic-organic ratchets with high output parameters at room temperature.A graphite pencil trace consists of a nanocomposite of graphite nanoparticles and multilayer nanosheets of graphene mixed with inorganic glue. [16][17][18] Dry-drawn graphite fi lms conduct electricity, possess a large work function, and are resistant to high temperature, moisture, most organic solvents, ultraviolet and radioactive radiation, and natural aging. Pencil-drawn electrodes have already been used in various novel electronic and optoelectronic devices including Li-air battery, [ 16 ] paper super capacitor, [ 17 ] UV sensors, [ 19,20 ] strain sensors, [ 18,21 ] chemiresistive sensors, [ 21,22 ] and pencil-on-semiconductor photo diodes. [ 23,24 ] For the fi rst time, we demonstrate that these graphite electrodes can be successfully used as electrodes in the fabrication of ionic-organic ratchets that operate over a wide range of frequencies, including in response to broadband noise electromagnetic signals, which can be absorbed from the environment.Figure 1 a shows the collection of easily accessible offi ce supplies used to make ionic-organic ratchets. The aluminum foil acts as the "gate" electrode and device substrate, in place of a highly doped silicon single crystal substrate, adhesive tape replaces the SiO 2 dielectric layer, and fi nally, the graphite pencildrawn electrodes replace vacuum-deposited gold electrodes. Two different confi gurations of the source and drain electrodes were drawn by graphite pencil under ambient conditions on pieces of adhesive tape attached to aluminum foil (Figure 1 b,c) in order to investigate the effect of electrode confi guration on the performance and frequency characteristics of the ionicorganic ratchets. The dimensions of Device 1 and Device 2 are shown in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information.The active layer of the ionic-organic ratchet consists of a blend of high mobility conjugated polymer poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophen-2-yl)-alt -[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (P2) [ 25 ] and organic salt trityl tetrakis(pentafl uorophenyl)borate (TrTPFB) with a weight Energy harvesters can be used to generate useful power from zero tim...

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Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201500344mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

Брус

Collins

Mikhnenko

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] An LEC actually makes use of the mobility of the ions for the in-situ electrochemical formation of doped conjugated polymer regions at the electrode interfaces, and the subsequent establishment of a light-emitting p-n junction within the bulk of the active material, under the direction of an externally applied voltage. [26,27] However, the pn junction in LECs is dynamic and only stable as long as the applied voltage remains, and for applications where a fast, repeatable response and rectification of current and light emission are required this represents a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-demand photochemical stabilization of doping in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Tang

Edman

2011

Electrochimica Acta

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A highly functional p-n junction doping structure can be realized within a light-emitting electrochemical cell under applied voltage via ion redistribution and electrochemical doping. This doping structure will however dissipate when the formation voltage is removed due to the mobility of the dopant counter-ions. A number of concepts aimed at a spatial immobilization of the ions and the related stabilization of the doping structure have been presented, but they all suffer from long and poorly controlled stabilization periods and/or unpractical operational conditions. Here, we introduce a markedly fast and easy-to-control stabilization procedure involving the inclusion of a UV-sensitive photo-initiator compound into a carefully tuned active material in an light-emitting electrochemical cell device, and demonstrate that it is possible to cross-link the ions and stabilize the p-n junction doping via a short UV exposure step executed at room temperature.

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“…LECs can also be made in a planar way as shown in figure 3.1b. In this structure, the active material is not covered by the electrodes, which is suitable for studying the dynamic working mechanism at run-time by the means of scanning probe (19,23,(49)(50)(51)(52) and imaging techniques (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). In a planar LEC, the LEP and electrolyte can also be separated, as shown in figure 3.1c.…”

Section: Polymer Light-emitting Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Transistors

Jiang¹

2014

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Since the discovery of conductive polymers in 1977, the implementation of organic conjugated materials in electronic applications has been of great interest in both industry and academia. The goal of organic electronics is to realize large-area, inexpensive and mechanicallyflexible electronic applications.Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), as the first commercial product made from organic conjugated polymers, have successfully demonstrated that organic electronics can make possible a new generation of modern electronics. However, OLEDs are highly sensitive to materials selection and requires a complicated fabrication process.As a result, OLEDs are expensive to fabricate and are not suitable for low-cost printing or roll-to-roll process.This thesis studies an alternative to OLEDs: light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The active materials in an LEC consist of a conjugated lightemitting polymer (LEP) and an electrolyte. Taking advantage of electrochemical doping of the LEP, an LEC features an in-situ formed emissive organic p-n junction which is easy to fabricate. We aim to control the electrochemical doping profile by employing a "gate" terminal on top of a conventional LEC, forming a light-emitting electrochemical transistor (LECT). We developed three generations of LECTs, in which the position of the light-emitting profile can be modified by the voltage applied at the gate electrode, as well as the geometry of the gate materials. Thus, one can use this structure to achieve a centered light-emitting zone to maximize the power-conversion efficiency. Alternatively, LECTs can be used for information display in a highly integrated system, as it combines the simultaneous modulation of photons and electrons.In addition, we use multiple LECs to construct reconfigurable circuits, based on the reversible electrochemical doping. We demonstrate an LEC-array where several different circuits can be created by forming diodes with different polarity at different locations. The thereby formed circuitry can be erased and turned into circuitry with other functionality.For example, the diodes of a digital AND gate can be re-programmed to form an analogue voltage limiter. These reprogrammable circuits are promising for fully-printed and large-area reconfigurable circuits with facile fabrication. Exempelvis kan dioderna i en digital AND-krets programmeras om till att istället forma en analog spänningsbegränsare. Dessa programmerbara kretsar är enkla att tillverka och är därför ett lovande koncept för tryckt elektronik på stora ytor. SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING AV AVHANDLINGEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Concerted Emission and Local Potentiometry of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

Fabricating Low‐Cost Ionic‐Organic Electronic Ratchets with Graphite Pencil and Adhesive Tape

On-demand photochemical stabilization of doping in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Transistors

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