“…Since the FEM equations are formulated with respect to frequency, repetitive analysis of large FEM systems has to be performed for different frequencies. To accelerate this repetitive process, various model order reduction (MOR) techniques 2–4 have been introduced, such as the asymptotic waveform evaluation, 5,6 the Arnoldi method, 7 the matrix Padé via Lanczos (MPVL) 8–10 . With MOR techniques, only the large system of EM equations at a single frequency needs to be solved.…”