Concise Review: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Postnatal Injury-Induced Enteric Neurogenesis

Jonscher, Raleigh; Belkind‐Gerson, Jaime

doi:10.1002/stem.3045

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…In support of this, the essential role of 5-HT in the growth and maintenance of enteric neurons [46] and intestinal mucosal epithelium in adult mice were demonstrated [47]. Recent studies focus on the role of 5-HT signaling in enteric neurogenesis in adulthood both in health and diseases [48,49]. The importance of gut microbiota in maintaining the serotonergic network through release of 5-HT and the activation of the 5-HT4 receptor has also been illustrated in a recent study [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Immediate Insulin Treatment Prevents Diabetes-Induced Gut Region-Specific Increase in the Number of Myenteric Serotonergic Neurons

et al. 2021

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To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and control rats 10 weeks after the onset of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Myenteric whole-mount preparations were immunostained with anti-5-HT and pan-neuronal anti-HuCD markers. In controls, the 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons represent a small proportion (~2.5%) of the total neuronal number in the investigated gut segments. The proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons was significantly higher in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.0001) of diabetic rats compared to the controls but exhibited a slight increase in the ileum. Immediate insulin treatment resulted in a significantly lower proportion of myenteric 5-HT-IR neurons in each segment (duodenum p < 0.0001; ileum p < 0.01; and colon p < 0.0001) compared to the untreated diabetics. Our study demonstrates that the proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons was enhanced in type 1 diabetes in a region-specific manner. Immediate insulin treatment prevents a higher hyperglycemia-induced amount of 5-HT-IR neurons and restores it to the control level in each investigated gut segment. Despite the low proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons, hyperglycemia-related changes of these neurons may play a crucial role in gastrointestinal symptoms in type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Immediate Insulin Treatment Prevents Diabetes-Induced Gut Region-Specific Increase in the Number of Myenteric Serotonergic Neurons

et al. 2021

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“…How enteric glia were affected in the rescued regions was not examined, however, Schwann cells and other peripheral glial cells appeared to be restored ( Kellerer et al, 2006 ). While Sox2 belongs to the SoxB1 group, its expression closely overlaps with that of Sox10 in the ENS ( Heanue and Pachnis, 2011 ), and is also often used as a marker to detect enteric glia in the adult ENS ( Jonscher and Belkind-Gerson, 2019 ; Morarach et al, 2021 ). From an evolutionary perspective, how the different Sox genes can compensate for each other has been examined in a recent comprehensive study, where different Sox genes were expressed in sox10-knockout zebrafish embryos, including SoxE genes from the jawless vertebrate, lamprey, and the invertebrate, lancelet ( Lee et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Factors That Control Glial Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Diversity, and Neurogenic Capacity of Enteric Glia

Boesmans

Nash

Tasnády

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Enteric glia are a fascinating population of cells. Initially identified in the gut wall as the “support” cells of the enteric nervous system, studies over the past 20 years have unveiled a vast array of functions carried out by enteric glia. They mediate enteric nervous system signalling and play a vital role in the local regulation of gut functions. Enteric glial cells interact with other gastrointestinal cell types such as those of the epithelium and immune system to preserve homeostasis, and are perceptive to luminal content. Their functional versatility and phenotypic heterogeneity are mirrored by an extensive level of plasticity, illustrated by their reactivity in conditions associated with enteric nervous system dysfunction and disease. As one of the hallmarks of their plasticity and extending their operative relationship with enteric neurons, enteric glia also display neurogenic potential. In this review, we focus on the development of enteric glial cells, and the mechanisms behind their heterogeneity in the adult gut. In addition, we discuss what is currently known about the role of enteric glia as neural precursors in the enteric nervous system.

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“…To our knowledge, the function of glia associated with extrinsic innervation has not been adequately studied in IBD. However, it is possible that tissue damage caused by inflammation can recruit SCs, which then would participate in immune modulation [ 226 ] or perform neurogenesis [ 227 ].…”

Section: Schwann Cell Involvement In Physiology and Disorders Of The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders

Goluba

Kunrade

Riekstiņa

et al. 2022

Cells

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Proper functioning of the digestive system is ensured by coordinated action of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Peripheral innervation of the digestive system can be viewed as intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic portion is mainly composed of the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), while the extrinsic part is formed by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory branches of the PNS. Glial cells are a crucial component of digestive tract innervation, and a great deal of research evidence highlights the important status of ENS glia in health and disease. In this review, we shift the focus a bit and discuss the functions of Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the extrinsic innervation of the digestive system. For more context, we also provide information on the basic findings regarding the function of innervation in disorders of the digestive organs. We find diverse SC roles described particularly in the mouth, the pancreas, and the intestine. We note that most of the scientific evidence concerns the involvement of SCs in cancer progression and pain, but some research identifies stem cell functions and potential for regenerative medicine.

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Concise Review: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Postnatal Injury-Induced Enteric Neurogenesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 96 publications

Immediate Insulin Treatment Prevents Diabetes-Induced Gut Region-Specific Increase in the Number of Myenteric Serotonergic Neurons

Immediate Insulin Treatment Prevents Diabetes-Induced Gut Region-Specific Increase in the Number of Myenteric Serotonergic Neurons

Development, Diversity, and Neurogenic Capacity of Enteric Glia

Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders

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