“…The European Union ( 2001) has defined the essential principles/challenges of governance as openness, participation, accountability, efficiency, and coherence, while the United Nations (UNDP 1997) lists strategic vision, transparency, participation, consensus orientation, ▶ equity, responsiveness, accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, and rule of law. All in all, it seems clear that tourism governance must comply with two sets of challenges: one requiring proactive stakeholder participation in strategic and operational tourism policy, while the other refers to the effectiveness/efficiency and quality of such policy (Fayos-Solà et al 2012).…”