Concomitant Effects of Ramadan Fasting and Time-Of-Day on Apolipoprotein AI, B, Lp-a and Homocysteine Responses during Aerobic Exercise in Tunisian Soccer Players

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine the time-of-day and Ramadan fasting (RF) effects on serum apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI) and B (Apo-B), lipoprotein particles-a (Lp-a), high-sensitive C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).DesignPerformance and biochemical measures were completed at two times-of-day (07:00 and 17:00 h), 1-week before RF (BR), the second week of RF (SWR), and the fourth week of RF (ER).SettingFor each session, subjects performed the YYIRT, and blood samples were taken before and 3-min after the test for biochemical measures.ParticipantsFifteen soccer players.Main Outcome MeasuresTotal distance during the YYIRT, core temperature, body composition, dietary intakes, lipid (HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-AI, B and Lp-a) and inflammatory (hs-CRP and Hcy) profiles.ResultsPerformances during the YYIRT were higher in the evening than the morning BR (P < 0.05), but this fluctuation was not observed during RF. Moreover, LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp-a were stable throughout the daytime BR. However, during RF, they decreased at 17:00 h (P < 0.05). Likewise, HDL-C and Apo-AI increased after the exercise and were higher at 17:00 h BR (P < 0.001). Moreover, these parameters increased during RF (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Hcy and hs-CRP increased during the exercise (P < 0.01) with higher evening levels BR. During ER, the diurnal pattern of Hcy was inversed (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study concluded that caloric restriction induced by RF seems to ameliorate lipid and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular health during intermittent exercise performed in the evening.

Effects of time-of-day on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, biochemical markers, and hormonal response following level-1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test

“…Therefore, the diurnal variation of performance was confirmed, but the reason of the varied diurnal performance has remained unclear. Possible explanation may be that this improvement in performance in the evening might be associated with energy system distribution during the YYIRT test (19), an intermittent cycling exercise (36), repeated-sprint test (33), and 5 × 6 s repeated sprint cycling (21). These results suggest that this improvement in the evening is not caused by the alteration in a unique energy system (i.e., aerobic or anaerobic) (15,17,19).…”

“…Participants are strongly encouraged verbally throughout the test. All subjects carried out a warm-up period consisting of the first four running bouts in the test (19). The participants perform the test in the same condition (i.e., comfortable sports shoes and appropriate sports clothing).…”

“…Thus, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and hormonal response may occur following the YYIRT. In addition, the evaluation of oxidative stress by markers of protein and lipid oxidation (19) and the hormonal response may be useful to better assess and quantify muscle stress following the YYIRT particularly for coaches and athletes. Thus, it seems logical to evaluate the diurnal variation of both metabolic and hormonal responses during the YYIRT.…”

Effects of Intermittent Fasting, Caloric Restriction, and Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Cognitive Performance at Rest and During Exercise in Adults

“…Many studies have confirmed that IF decreases serum lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), a major protein component of LDL cholesterol, and also decreases total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [112]. Moreover, certain evidence suggests that after 3 weeks of alternate-day fasting, body fat and insulin levels decrease [113].…”

¿Qué factores influyen en la carga física de un partido de fútbol?

“…¿Qué factores influyen en la carga física de un partido de fútbol Estas variables situacionales parecen tener una influencia en el comportamiento físico de los equipos durante los partidos y no parecen estar asociadas con el nivel de condición física de los jugadores (Castellano et al, 2011). Algunas de estas variables hacen referencia a la posición del jugador en el campo (Bradley et al, 2011), nivel de oposición (Hammouda et al, 2013), la localización geográfica del partido, jugar de local o visitante (Almeida, Ferreira, & Volossovitch, 2014), la categoría competitiva (Rampinini, Impellizzeri, Castagna, Coutts, & Wisløff, 2009), la temperatura (Mohr et al, 2010) o el horario del partido (Chtourou et al, 2012) entre otras.…”