Concomitant Rifampicin-Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Pre-extremely Drug-Resistant Neuro-Tuberculosis in Child With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

Abstract

Mixed tuberculosis occurs with multiple clonally distinct mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in an individual. We present a 12-year-old girl with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (Xpert MTB/Rif) and preextensively drug-resistant tuberculosis neuro-tuberculosis (Line Probe Assay). Mixed tuberculosis involving drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains can hinder treatment. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing mixed tuberculosis to ensure effective management.