Concomitant Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Gallbladder and Breast Cancer

Aiello, Paolo; Aragona, F; Territo, Valentina; Caruso, Anna; Patti, Rosalia; Buscemi, Salvatore; Vita, Gaetano Di

doi:10.1155/2014/945921

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Primary GB-SCNEC is rare, with only 74 cases reported until 2011 [12,13]. Pure GB-LCNECs are exceedingly rare and to the best of our knowledge only 7 cases have been described in literature ( [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Pure” large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and review of the literature

Buscemi

Orlando

Damiano

et al. 2016

International Journal of Surgery

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a b s t r a c tPrimary Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) of the gallbladder are rare. Among all NETs of the gallbladder, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is exceedingly rare. In most of the cases LCNECs are combined with other histological components. We reviewed clinical presentation and management of all patients with "pure" LCNEC from published literature since the first case was published in 2000, as well as one patient from our experience. Only 7 cases of "pure" LCNEC has been described in the last 15 years, our case is the eighth. The diagnosis of gallbladder NETs is rarely made preoperatively since the presentation generally consists of non-specific symptoms including upper abdominal pain, discomfort, jaundice, weight loss. The majority of patients are identified incidentally at the time of cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. It is not possible to differentiate preoperatively between gallbladder adenocarcinoma and gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with imaging techniques. The only curative therapeutic modality for LCNECs is a complete en bloc surgical resection, including regional lymph node clearances and hepatic lobectomy, but only in patients without multiple metastasis. LCNECs benefit from an aggressive surgical resection in combination with chemotherapy, if resectability is possible. If the tumour is non-resectable, the primary management is therefore medical and not surgical. All patients with LCNEC presented a poor prognosis with a median survival of 10 months after the initial diagnosis. Only in five patients (62.5%) a wide surgical excision was performed, while in the other cases the tumour was non-resectable or multiple liver metastases were present at diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Pure” large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and review of the literature

Buscemi

Orlando

Damiano

et al. 2016

International Journal of Surgery

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Gallbladder small cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Adachi

Haraguchi

Irie³

et al. 2016

surg case rep

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Gallbladder small cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises only 0.5 % of all gallbladder cancer and consists of aggressive tumors with poor survival outcomes against current treatments. These tumors are most common in elderly females, particularly those with cholecystolithiasis. We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with gallbladder small cell carcinoma. The patient had intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain and was admitted to our hospital due to suspected acute cholecystitis. She regularly received medical treatment for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. On initial laboratory evaluation, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were markedly elevated. She underwent computed tomography (CT) for screening. CT images showed a thick-walled gallbladder containing multiple stones and multiple 3-cm-sized round nodular lesions, which were suggestive of metastatic lymph nodes. After percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was performed, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of enlarged lymph nodes resulted in a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. However, we could not identify the primary lesion before the surgery because of no decisive factors. We performed cholecystectomy because there was a possibility of cholecystitis recurrence risk and also partial liver resection because we suspected tumor invasion. The final pathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder, small cell type. The tumor stage was IVb, T3aN1M1. The patient died 13 weeks after the surgery. In the present paper, we review the current available English-language literature of gallbladder SCC.

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Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis, treatment and prognosis based on the SEER database: A literature review

Cai¹,

Wu²

2022

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) has a low incidence rate; therefore, its clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are not well explored. AIM To review recent research and analyze corresponding data in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS Data of GB-NEC ( n = 287) and gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GB-ADC) ( n = 19 484) patients from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We also reviewed 108 studies retrieved from PubMed and Reference Citation Analysis ( ). The keywords used for the search were: "(Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine) AND (Gallbladder Neoplasms)". RESULTS The GB-NEC incidence rate was 1.6% (of all gallbladder carcinomas), male to female ratio was 1:2 and the median survival time was 7 mo. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 36.6%, 17.8%, 13.2% and 7.3% respectively. Serum chromogranin A levels may be a specific tumor marker for the diagnosis of GB-NEC. Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA)-19-9 and CA-125 levels were associated with poor prognosis. Age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.027, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.006–1.047, P = 0.01] and liver metastasis (HR = 3.055, 95% CI: 1.839–5.075, P < 0.001) are independent prognostic risk factors for OS. Patients with advanced GB-NEC treated with surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may have a better prognosis than those treated with surgical resection alone. There was no significant difference in OS between GB-NEC and GB-ADC. CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations and prognosis of GB-NEC are similar to GB-ADC, but the treatment is completely different. Early diagnosis and treatment are the top priorities.

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Concomitant Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Gallbladder and Breast Cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

“Pure” large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and review of the literature

“Pure” large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and review of the literature

Gallbladder small cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis, treatment and prognosis based on the SEER database: A literature review

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