Concreting and Early Hardening Processes in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures / Procesai, Vykstantys Betonavimo Ir Pradinio Kietėjimo Metu Gelžbetoninėse Monolitinėse Konstrukcijose

Abstract

The exploitation time and reliability of monolithic reinforced concrete structures largely depend on concreting technology and process influence during concreting and early setting stages. Different types of cracks in monolithic reinforced concrete structures appear due to internal and external effects. Cracks appear when the technology of structure concreting is damaged, when formwork is removed during the further setting and structures loaded period. In order to avoid micro and macro cracks in monolithic structures, it is important to measure the particular setting time moment and technological process moment when stresses that exceed the permissible values appear in concrete. The article analyses the processes that appear when horizontal, sloping and vertical monolithic reinforced concrete structures are concreted. The analysis of concrete mixture pressure on formwork is performed. The pressure which is calculated according to different countries’ methodology is different: the smallest pressure is obtained calculating according to the British recommendations, and the largest pressure is obtained according to French CIB recommendations. In Lithuania, it is recommended to follow the German DIN 18218 standard. The balance conditions of concrete mixture concreting on slope surface are described. The main concreting technology parameters and their interaction are analysed; the speed, intensity and time of continuous concreting technology are presented. When the process of continuous concreting is performed, it is necessary to evaluate the interaction and values of parameters properly. Methodical theoretical calculation is presented. Practical solutions for industrial building construction applying the modern sliding formwork technology are presented. The impact of cement type, superplasticizers and temperature over the concrete mixture mobility, changes, fresh concrete structural strength and concrete setting kinetics are analysed. The main characteristics of the initial setting — the beginning of structure formation, when concrete mixture turns into concrete state — is analysed applying the ultrasonic method. The beginning of structure formation influences the regulated time of concrete mixture laying and compaction. The requirements for structural strength (permissible strength limits) and concreting rate (formwork movement) of freshly formed concrete are set when the construction is performed applying the continuous concreting technology method. The analysis is implemented performing the construction of cylindrical sludge tank with slipping formwork. While performing the analysis during concreting, it was stated that the concrete setting kinetics corresponds to the sludge tank concreting rate. The analysis performed after concreting and in 28 days of hardening revealed that there are no surface defects or cracks, and concrete strength exceeds the required sludge tank design strength. Santrauka Monolitinių gelžbetoninių statinių konstrukcijų eksploatacijos trukmė ir patikimumas daugiausia priklauso nuo betonavimo technologijos ir procesų poveikių betonavimo bei pradinio kietėjimo metu. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami procesai, vykstantys betonuojant horizontaliąsias, nuožulniąsias ir vertikaliąsias monolitines gelžbetonines konstrukcijas. Atlikta betono mišinio slėgio į formas analizė. Tiriami pagrindiniai betonavimo technologijos parametrai, analizuojamas jų ryšys, pateikiamas nepertraukiamo betonavimo technologijos betonavimo greitis, intensyvumas, trukmė. Atlikti teoriniai skaičiavimai ir siūlomi praktiniai sprendimai pramoninių statinių statybai, naudojant šiuolaikinę slankiųjų klojinių technologiją. Ištirta cemento tipo, superplastiklių, temperatūros įtaka šviežiai suformuoto betono struktūriniam stipriui ir betono kietėjimo kinetikai. Nustatyti reikalavimai šviežiai suformuoto betono struktūriniam stipriui, betonavimo greičiui (klojinių kėlimui), vykdant statybą nepertraukiamos betonavimo technologijos metodu. Tyrimai pritaikyti vykdant cilindrinio dumblo pūdytuvo statybą slankiaisiais klojiniais.

Determining features of the deformed state of reinforced concrete beams of road bridges when strengthening the span structures

“…8) from computer calculations (Table 2) are of interest for laboratory tests, during which it is possible to determine in detail the level of dynamic influence on the behavior of the structure of solidifying concrete. The analytical study where deformations from a temporary load were established when concreting an additional slab fully explains the need to take these results into consideration (7). The identified features of the stressed-deformed state of reinforced concrete beams of road bridges confirmed the presence of deformations that destroy the structure of new concrete.…”

“…Unlike studies [2,[5][6][7][8] where factors of high-quality concrete hardening did not take into consideration dynamic impacts, the result of displacements (1.41 mm) was determined taking into consideration the temporary load. Our results of emerging displacements (Fig.…”

“…Mainly, the quality of concrete is associated with the composition of materials, their quality, and taking into consideration the criterion of compatibility of components [6]. In addition, the reliable structure of concrete depends on the processes during concreting and the conditions of primary hardening [7]. Work [8] shows the necessary conditions for the formation of high-quality concrete and analyzes the relationship of the main parameters of concreting technology.…”