“…For instance, the mass production paradigm pioneered by Henry Ford resulted in the concepts of building products on assembly lines, using of interchangeable parts, and standardization of parts and components with a view toward reducing product cost (Bralla, 1996;Cross, 1989;Green, 1966;Lacey, 1986;Ziemke and Spann, 1993). Customers' demand for high quality products prompted manufacturing companies to consider quality as their key product design goal (Akiyama, 1991;Taguchi et al, 1989).…”