Concurrent environmental stressors and jellyfish stings impair caged European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiological performances

Bosch-Belmar, Mar; Giomi, Folco; Rinaldi, Alessandro; Mandich, Alberta; Fuentes, Verónica; Mirto, Simone; Sarà, Gianluca; Piraino, Stefano

doi:10.1038/srep27929

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Sections of 6–7 µm were stained with haematoxilin–eosin and analysed under binocular microscope. Gill sections were assessed using a histopathology scoring system based on previous histopathology scoring systems (Baxter et al, ; Bosch‐Belmar et al, ; Lakani, Sattari, & Falahatkar, ; Mitchell, Baxter, Holland, & Rodger, ). Primary parameters were related to three specific pathologies: epithelial hyperplasia (increased cell production), lamellar fusion, and cellular anomalies (degeneration and necrosis).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of different rearing condition on gilthead seabream welfare: Dissolved oxygen levels and stocking densities

et al. 2018

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Aquaculture's success highly depends on a controlled rapid growth of organisms with minimal costs associated. Growth and welfare of reared organisms are affected by physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Following factors can be highlighted as crucial: density, pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.). Relationship between fish density and oxygen's optimum levels is essential for designing the performance of each species. Furthermore, it is also necessary to study fish stress factors and physiological responses. Two rearing experiments with gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were performed, in order to test different densities (5, 10 and 20 kg/m3) for 9 weeks (271 ± 1.9 g) and to test different levels of oxygen (40%–60%, 60%–80%, and 80%–100%) for 6 weeks (316.3 ± 1.73 g). In both experiments, physiology and growth parameters were analysed, as well as water quality. This study showed that no relation was observed between density and fish physiology, but there structural (gill lesions) and physiological changes (haematocrit) were observed for seabream reared at low levels of DO.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of different rearing condition on gilthead seabream welfare: Dissolved oxygen levels and stocking densities

et al. 2018

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“…Consequences of Cnidaria stings may range from minor local irritation to severe local and systemic reactions including excruciating pain and life-threatening cardiovascular collapse depending on the Cnidarian species, age of the victim and size of the area contacted. In addition, Cnidarians outbreaks may interfere with human activities such as tourism, bathing, aquatic events, fishing and aquaculture, causing substantial economical burden1234. On the other hand, Cnidarians venom is a rich source of bioactive substances that may have therapeutic potential and other useful applications567.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crude venom from nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) elicits a sodium conductance in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells

Morabito

Costa

Rizzo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cnidarians may negatively impact human activities and public health but concomitantly their venom represents a rich source of bioactive substances. Pelagia noctiluca is the most venomous and abundant jellyfish of the Mediterranean Sea and possesses a venom with hemolytic and cytolytic activity for which the mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that exposure of mammalian cells to crude venom from the nematocysts of P. noctiluca profoundly alters the ion conductance of the plasma membrane, therefore affecting homeostatic functions such as the regulation and maintenance of cellular volume. Venom-treated cells exhibited a large, inwardly rectifying current mainly due to permeation of Na+ and Cl−, sensitive to amiloride and completely abrogated following harsh thermal treatment of crude venom extract. Curiously, the plasma membrane conductance of Ca2+ and K+ was not affected. Current-inducing activity was also observed following delivery of venom to the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane, consistent with a pore-forming mechanism. Venom-induced NaCl influx followed by water and consequent cell swelling most likely underlie the hemolytic and cytolytic activity of P. noctiluca venom. The present study underscores unique properties of P. noctiluca venom and provides essential information for a possible use of its active compounds and treatment of envenomation.

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“…The significance of jellyfish envenomation is likely to extend to effect physiological performance as suggested by Bosch‐Belmar et al. () having considerable economic and fish welfare impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, often it is difficult to separate or associate the pathology associated with cnidarian blooms following the actual event of envenomation or associated effects due to algal blooms and other environmental insults (Rodger, Henry, & Mitchell, ). In many cases, the presence of the jellyfish is required to identify the culprit associated with fish mortality or associated gill pathology (Bosch‐Belmar et al., ; Marcos‐Lopez, Mitchell, & Rodger, ). The monitoring of jellyfish blooms gives indicative evidence for likely causes of predation (Doyle et al., ; Fleming, Harrod, & Houghton, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lion's mane jellyfish, Cyanea capillata (Cnideria: Scyphozoa), exposure to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Powell

Åtland

Dale

2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Jellyfish-induced gill pathology relies upon occasional diagnostic observations yet the extent and impact of jellyfish blooms on aquaculture may be significant. Idiopathic gill lesions are often observed in apparently healthy fish. This study exposed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts to macerated Cyanea capillata at 2.5 and 5 g/L for 2 hr under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood chemistry and gill histopathology were examined over a subsequent 4-week period. Fish showed an acute response to the presence of jellyfish, including characteristic external "whiplash" discoloration of the skin and acute increases in blood electrolytes and CO concentration; however, these were resolved within 4 days after exposure. Histopathologically, gills showed first an acute oedema with epithelial separation followed by focal haemorrhage and thrombus formation, and then progressive inflammatory epithelial hyperplasia that progressively resolved over the 4 weeks post-exposure. Results were consistent with the envenomation of gills with cytotoxic neurotoxins and haemolysins known to be produced by C. capillata. This study suggests that many focal hyperplastic lesions on gills, especially those involving focal thrombi, may be the result of jellyfish stings. Thus, the presence of jellyfish and their impact may be severe and understated in terms of marine fish aquaculture and fish welfare.

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Concurrent environmental stressors and jellyfish stings impair caged European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiological performances

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

The impact of different rearing condition on gilthead seabream welfare: Dissolved oxygen levels and stocking densities

The impact of different rearing condition on gilthead seabream welfare: Dissolved oxygen levels and stocking densities

Crude venom from nematocysts of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) elicits a sodium conductance in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells

Acute lion's mane jellyfish, Cyanea capillata (Cnideria: Scyphozoa), exposure to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

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