Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020

Yehia, Nahed; Amer, Fatma; Samir, Abdelhafez; Samy, Mohamed; Sedeek, Ahmed; Rebie, Neveen; Mohammed, Wafaa; Hagag, Naglaa M.

doi:10.54203/scil.2021.wvj50

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The present study has updated the detection rate of HPAI H5N8 in chicken farms in Egypt. The increased ability to distinguish 2019 to 2022 viruses from vaccine strains and the preference for mutations in the HA immunogenic epitopes (R72S, A83D, T140A) are in agreement with the previously mentioned studies by Nabil et al (2020) and Yehia et al (2020 , 2021 ). The identity percentages of the current strains and vaccine used were studied, as exemplified by the rHVT-H5 vaccine (A/mute_swan/Hungary/4999/2006), baculovirus-inactivated H5 vaccine (A/duck/China/E319-2/03) was within the range of 88.8 to 90.7% and H5N2-inactivated vaccine (A/chicken/Mexico/232/1994) was within the range of 75.8 to 76.5%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in commercial broiler chicken farms from 2019 to 2022

Setta¹,

Yehia²,

Shakak³

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in commercial broiler chicken farms from 2019 to 2022

Setta¹,

Yehia²,

Shakak³

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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“…The current investigation was conducted in five governorates of the Nile Delta, which have the greatest incidence of outbreaks and the highest occurrence of diseases due to the dense presence of poultry and human activities. In a previous study by Yehia et al , [ 39 ] the prevalence of AI, IB, and ND were 39.6%, 37.7%, and 5.7%, respectively. To calculate the total sample size with 5% accuracy and a 95% confidence level, the prevalence of ND (5.7%) was chosen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Yehia et al . [ 39 ] reported that AIV subtypes and IBV were recorded in 48 out of 53 farms. A single infection accounted for 90.6% (37.7% I.B., 30.2% H5N8, 9.4% I.B., and 5.7% NDV) ( Table-4 ) The copresence of HPAI (H5N8) and IBV, the unique detection of these coinfected flocks, and LPAI (H9N2) and IBV were detected in 3.8% flocks, as previously reported by El-Shall et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in five governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, from January 2022 to October 2022

El-Shemy,

Amer,

Hassan

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Respiratory viral infections significantly negatively impact animal welfare and have significant financial implications in the poultry industry. This study aimed to determine the frequency of the most economically relevant respiratory viruses that circulated in Egyptian chicken flocks in 2022. Materials and Methods: Chickens from 359 broiler flocks in five different Egyptian governorates in the Nile Delta (Beheira, Gharbia, Giza, Monufiya, and Qalyoubia) at marketing time (33–38 days of age) were used in this study. Combined oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and tissue samples were collected from clinically diseased or freshly dead birds suffering from respiratory disease. Avian influenza (AI)-H5, AI-H9, Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 359 flocks examined, 293 tested positive, whereas 66 were completely negative for the four viruses evaluated, with the highest positive results in Beheira. Out of 293 positive flocks, 211 were positive for a single virus, with Beheira having the highest rate, followed by Qalyoubia, Giza, and Monufiya. ND virus (NDV) was found to be the highest across all governorates, followed by IBV, AI-H9, and AI-H5. A double infection was detected in 73 flocks with either H9 or ND, or both H9 and IB could coinfect each other. The most common viral coinfections were H9 + IB, ND + IB, and ND + H9. Giza had the highest prevalence of ND + H9, H9 + IB, and ND + IB coinfection in the governorates, followed by Monufiya and Beheira. Only six out of 359 flocks were tribally infected with ND + H9 + IB in Giza, Monufiya, and Beheira governorates. On the basis of the number of flocks and the month of the year, July had the lowest number of flocks (23), while September and October had the highest number (48 flocks). Positive flock numbers were highest in October and lowest in January. Conclusion: From January to October 2022, prevalent respiratory viral infections (H5N1, NDV, H9N2, and IBV) were detected in broiler chickens across the Delta area governorate, according to the findings of the present study. In addition, IBV and H9, either alone or in combination, significantly contributed to the respiratory infection observed in broiler chickens. Regardless of the type and origin of the vaccine used, it is not possible to protect broiler chickens from the development of the infection and the subsequent dissemination of the virus into the poultry environment. In the presence of face-infectious field virus mutations, poultry vaccinations must be regularly reviewed and updated, and poultry farms must take further biosecurity measures. Keywords: avian influenza virus, chicken, Egypt, infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, subtype H5 and H9.

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“…The avian in uenza virus (HP, LP), IBV, and NDV were the main detected viruses alone or as coinfected in broiler chickens (32). In recent years, the avian in uenza situation in Egypt has been more complicated due to the detection and circulation of many serotypes, including HPAI (H5N1), HPAI (H5N8), and LPAI (H9N2) (39,40). In the present study the circulation of H5 & H9 subtypes of AIV (5/359) 1.4% could be a risk for emergence of new AI viruses (table 4, Fig3 and 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yehia, et al (2021) reported that The AIV subtypes and IBV were recorded in 48 out of 53 farms. Single infection represented 90.6% (37.7% I.B, 30.2% H5N8, 9.4% I.B and 5.7% NDV) (table4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in six governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, January to October 2022

El-Shemy¹,

Amer

Hassan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background and Aim: Respiratory viral infections have a considerable detrimental impact on animal welfare as well as significant financial ramifications in the poultry industry. Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H9, Newcastle disease (ND), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are the most economically significant illnesses impacting the poultry sector worldwide, including Egypt. From January to October 2022, this study examined the presence of respiratory viral infections (AI-H5, AI-H9, ND, and IB) in 359 flocks of broiler chickens (33–38 days) in six Egyptian governorates (Beheira, Gharbia, Giza, Monufiya and Qalyoubia). Results Out of 359 flocks examined, 293 tested positive, whereas 66 tested fully negative for the four viruses tested with the highest positive results in Beheira. Out of 293 positive flocks, 211 were positive to a single virus with Beheira having the highest rate, followed by Qalyoubia, Giza, and Monufiya. NDV was found to be the highest across all governorates, followed by IBV, AI-H9, and AI-H5. Double infection was detected in 73 flocks with either H9 or ND or both H9 and IB would co-infect one another. The most common viral co-infection was H9 + IB, ND + IB, and ND + H9. Giza had the greatest prevalence of co-infection with ND + H9, H9 + IB, and ND + IB in the governorates, followed by Monufiya and El Buhyera. Only 6 out of 359 flocks were tribally infected with ND + H9 + IB in three governorates: Giza, Monufiya, and Beheira. According to the number of flocks and the month of the year, July had the fewest tested flocks (23) and both September and October had the most (48 flocks). The positive flocks were highest in October and lowest in January. Conclusion The results revealed that IBV and H9 as a single or a mixed infection had a great role in the respiratory infection in broiler. The used vaccine (regardless their origin and type) is not able to protect broiler chickens from developing infection and shedding of virus to the poultry environment. Therefore, poultry vaccines need regular evaluation, renovation in face infective field virus mutants and also, poultry farms must be adopting more biosecurity measures.

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Concurrent Respiratory Disease in Broiler Chickens in Egypt during 2020

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Molecular detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in commercial broiler chicken farms from 2019 to 2022

Molecular detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in commercial broiler chicken farms from 2019 to 2022

Epidemiological distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in five governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, from January 2022 to October 2022

Epidemiological Distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in marketable vaccinated broiler chickens in six governorates in the Nile Delta, Egypt, January to October 2022

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