Concurrent smoking and alcohol consumers had higher triglyceride glucose indices than either only smokers or alcohol consumers: a cross-sectional study in Korea

Abstract

Background The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a noninsulin-based marker for insulin resistance (IR) in general practice. Although smoking and heavy drinking have been regarded as major risk factors for various chronic diseases, there is limited evidence regarding the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on IR. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and smoking and alcohol consumption using two Korean population-based datasets. Methods This study included 10,568 adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 9586 adults in the Korean Initiatives on Coronary Artery Calcification (KOICA) registry datasets. Multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the TyG index. To assess the predictive value of smoking and alcohol consumption on high TyG index, the area under the curve (AUC) were compared and net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses were derived. Results The combined effect of smoking and alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor of a higher TyG index in the KNHANES (adjusted odds ratio: 4.33, P < .001) and KOICA (adjusted odds ratio: 1.94, P < .001) datasets. Adding smoking and alcohol consumption to the multivariate logistic models improved the model performance for the TyG index in the KNHANES (AUC: from 0.817 to 0.829, P < .001; NRI: 0.040, P < .001; IDI: 0.017, P < .001) and KOICA (AUC: from 0.822 to 0.826, P < .001; NRI: 0.025, P = .006; IDI: 0.005, P < .001) datasets. Conclusions Smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with the TyG index. Concurrent smokers and alcohol consumers were more likely to have a TyG index that was ≥8.8 and higher than the TyG indices of non-users and those who exclusively consumed alcohol or smoking tobacco.

Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China

“…Elderly-onset T2DM patients have relatively preserved β-cell function and higher IR [14]. Furthermore, while previous studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of IR and T2DM in smokers and drinker [49], the univariate analysis in this study found that smoking was only associated with pre-DM but not T2DM, and that drinking was not associated with pre-DM and T2DM. The present study also found that the association of TG/HDL-C with pre-DM and T2DM was not affected by smoking and drinking status.…”

Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China

“…The study also verified that examined the association of TG/HDL-C with T2DM and pre-DM existed across different sex, age, smoking, and drinking statuses, as IR might changes with these factors [ 19 , 43 , 44 ]. Past studies have generally concluded that females exhibit more favorable metabolic risk profiles than males, including lower TG and higher HDL-C levels, and the association of dyslipidemia with DM appears to be stronger among males [ 45 ], middle-aged patients [ 46 ], and smokers and drinkers [ 47 ]. Conversely, when TG/HDL-C was used as a continuous variable in our study, it was associated with pre-DM and T2DM at different ages, sexes, smoking and drinking status, but stronger in females, people over 60 and those who do not smoke and drink alcohol.…”

“…Elderly-onset T2DM patients have relatively preserved β-cell function and higher IR [ 14 ]. In addition, the relationship between alcohol consumption and IR T2DM remains controversial [ 47 ]. A meta-analysis evaluating the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome reported that compared with non-drinkers, very light drinkers were significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of metabolic syndrome.…”

Subclinical cardiovascular disease and utility of coronary artery calcium score

“…Baek [149] recruiting 10,568 Korean KNHANES registered adults and 9586 Korean KOICA registered adults in cross-sectional design with deriving retrospective patient records, demonstrated compared to no use of alcohol and smoking in KHANES participants those with smoking (OR:2.37), alcohol use (OR:3.09) and concurrent use (OR:4.59) had greater risk of having high TyG (Triglyceride Glucose) index, consistently also for KOICA registry smoking (OR:1.33), alcohol use (OR:1.42) and concurrent use (OR:1.94) associated with greater risk of high-TyG, moreover, in KOICA registry no regular exercise also posed greater odds of high-TyG (OR:1.26).…”