“…With case studies, it is verified that the proposed selective assembly approach can be more effective to improve the assembly success rate and reduce the surplus parts for the product with single or multiple dimension chains, and with the proposed grouping method, the selective assembly process can be carried out more conveniently. 3,5,9,9,7,10,5,6,10,1,7,6,11,9,5,7,7,11,7,8,7,5,10,4,11,2,2,11,6,11,3,8,10,5,4,4,4,4,11,10,8,8,6,4 Figure 6. Evolution performance of the algorithm for the piston and cylinder assembly.…”