Concussion Incidence in Elite College Soccer Players

Boden, Barry P.; Kirkendall, Donald T.; Garrett, William E.

doi:10.1177/03635465980260021301

Cited by 182 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Concussions have been reported [18][19][20][21] to constitute 2% to 11% of all soccer injuries. Research by Barnes et al 18 indicated that male and female soccer players are at a 50% and 22% risk, respectively, of sustaining a concussion within a 10-year period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research by Barnes et al 18 indicated that male and female soccer players are at a 50% and 22% risk, respectively, of sustaining a concussion within a 10-year period. Additionally, Boden et al 19 indicated that 17 (59%) collegiate men and 12 (41%) collegiate women were diagnosed with concussions over 2 soccer seasons. Although concussion rates for basketball players are slightly lower than those for football and ice hockey players, concussions in basketball players still accounted for 4.7% and 3.2% of all injuries for collegiate females and males, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) Practices of Sports Medicine Professionals

Covassin

Elbin

Stiller-Ostrowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Athletic Training

154

114

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Context: Computerized neurocognitive testing is becoming popular among clinicians evaluating sport-related concussions across all levels of sport. Baseline neurocognitive testing has been recommended to provide more accurate representation of the preconcussion cognitive status of individual athletes. However, little is known about the use of baseline neurocognitive testing in concussion assessment and management.Objective: To examine implementation and practice trends of sports medicine professionals using baseline neurocognitive testing at the high school and collegiate levels.Design: Quantitative survey research. Setting: Online survey.Patients or Other Participants: Certified athletic trainers (ATs) from approximately 1209 US institutions listed on the ImPACT Web site were recruited. A total of 399 ATs completed the survey, for a response return rate of 32.7%.Main Outcome Measure(s): Survey questions addressed educational level, years of certification, employment setting, percentage of athletes baseline tested, and accuracy of baseline tests. Other items addressed postconcussive neurocognitive testing protocols and scenarios for return-to-play decisions based on neurocognitive testing.Results: Nearly all ATs (94.7%) administered baseline computerized neurocognitive testing to their athletes. However, only 51.9% examined these baseline tests for validity. The majority of ATs indicated that they administer baseline neurocognitive tests most frequently to football players (88.4%), followed by women's soccer players (78.8%) and men's soccer players (71.2%). Nearly all respondents (95.5%) stated that they would not return a symptomatic athlete to play if the athlete's neurocognitive scores were back to baseline. However, when asked if they would return an athlete who is symptom free but who scores below his or her baseline, 86.5% responded no, 9.8% responded yes, and 3.8% indicated that it depended on the importance of the competition.Conclusions: The use of baseline testing, baseline testing readministration, and postconcussion protocols among ATs is increasing. However, the ATs in this study reported that they relied more on symptoms than on neurocognitive test scores when making return-to-play decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) Practices of Sports Medicine Professionals

Covassin

Elbin

Stiller-Ostrowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Athletic Training

154

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…29 The most frequent cause of concussion in elite college soccer players was found to be contact with another player's head, elbow, or foot (47%), and contact with the ball (24%), ground/goalpost (17%), and combinations of objects (10%) were less frequent causes of concussions. 30 General sport-related concussion management and return-to-play guidelines have been published 31,32 ; however, there are currently no postconcussion return-to-play guidelines specific to soccer.…”

Section: Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in Youth Soccer

Koutures¹,

Gregory²

2010

Pediatrics

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Injury rates in youth soccer, known as football outside the United States, are higher than in many other contact/collision sports and have greater relative numbers in younger, preadolescent players. With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, young females tend to suffer more knee injuries, and young males suffer more ankle injuries. Concussions are fairly prevalent in soccer as a result of contact/collision rather than purposeful attempts at heading the ball. Appropriate rule enforcement and emphasis on safe play can reduce the risk of soccerrelated injuries. This report serves as a basis for encouraging safe participation in soccer for children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2010; 125:410-414 INTRODUCTIONSoccer (known as football outside the United States) is one of the most popular team sports in the world and continues to provide healthy exercise for many young people. Participation in soccer is an effective way for children to increase their level of physical activity and fitness, because it requires intensive physical effort over an extended period of time through practice and games. 1 In the United States, an estimated 15.5 million 2 people participate in soccer. Two national youth organizations have registered 650 000 3 and 3.2 million 4 participants younger than 19 years, with a 7% increase in female adolescent players from 2001 to 2007. 2 More than 700 000 girls and boys played soccer in US high schools in 2008 -2009, 5 placing soccer among the top sports for increased participation. 5 With this growing participation comes a greater number of injuries, leading to an increasing prevalence of soccer-related cases presenting to the pediatrician. INJURY RISKSoccer has a higher injury rate than many contact/collision sports such as field hockey, rugby, basketball, and football, although in 1 community study of 7-to 13 year-old players, football did have a higher percentage of serious injuries and higher frequency of injury per team per season. 6,7 The US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), through its National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, estimated that there were 186 544 soccer-related injuries in 2006. 8 Approximately 80% of these injuries affected participants younger than 24 years, and approximately 44% occurred in participants younger than 15 years. It is unfortunate that there is a wide variation in the reported incidence of soccer injuries as a result of study differences in factors such as level of competition, intensity of exposure, definition, classifications, and reporting of injuries. Because of difficulties with interstudy com-

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“…These investigations follow established findings on sex differences for verbal memory, perceptual motor speed, accuracy, and visuospatial tasks in the general neurocognitive literature. 4, 26 Covassin et al 10 reported that after concussion, female collegiate athletes demonstrated significantly poorer visual memory performance than male athletes. Similarly, Broshek and colleagues 5 reported that concussed female athletes were 1.7 times more likely to be cognitively impaired than male athletes.…”

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confidence: 99%