Condensation heat transfer enhancement mechanism for vertical upflows by the phase separation concept at small gravity

Experimental study of the flow and heat transfer of a gas–water mixture through a packed channel

“…In addition, the meandering flow channels in the packing extend the flow path and the residence time of the circulating water and moist air. The circulating water spray generates thin water curtain and water film [25] with many drops as the water flows downward in the packing which improves the mixing in the meandering flow channels. The flexuous flow channels also induce many vortices which improve the temperature difference field uniformity [26], so the heat transfer is significantly enhanced compared with an empty channel.…”