Condensation of silica from supersaturated silicic acid solutions

Makrides, A. C.; Turner, Mary Jane; Slaughter, J.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(80)90081-8

Cited by 110 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Okamoto et al (1957) 7-10 22.3 200-900 144 3 Baumann (1959) 0.5-9 30 400-4000 7 1 to 5 Kitahara (1960) 3-10 0-100 500-800 5 2 for pH < 7.5 3 for pH > 7.5 Bishop and Bear (1972) 8.5 25-45 300 200 2 Rothbaum and Wilson (1977) 7.8-8.7 50-120 500-1000 1000 5-8 Rothbaum and Rhode (1979) 7-8 5-180 300-1300 1200 4 Makrides et al (1977Makrides et al ( ,1980 4.5-6. a Reported rate laws were derived via the equation ÀdC/dt $ k(C À C s ) n following the method described by Goto (1956). b Peck and Axtmann (1979) analysed experiments reported by Makrides et al (1980) and Rothbaum and Wilson (1977). c Makrides (1977Makrides ( , 1980 postulated that particle growth preceding the induction and nucleation phase was linear with time.…”

Section: Silica Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…b Peck and Axtmann (1979) analysed experiments reported by Makrides et al (1980) and Rothbaum and Wilson (1977). c Makrides (1977Makrides ( , 1980 postulated that particle growth preceding the induction and nucleation phase was linear with time. d Weres et al (1981) used the same model as proposed by Makrides et al (1977Makrides et al ( ,1980 and Peck and Axtmann (1979).…”

Section: Silica Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rothbaum and Rhode (1979) determined the relative size of silica nanoparticles using chromatography, viscosity measurements and light scattering and concluded that with increasing temperature (from 5 to 180°C), the average molecular weight of the polymers formed increased from approximately 10 5 to 10 9 . Makrides et al (1980) used light scattering to follow the polymerization process and proposed a primary nuclei size in the order of a few angstroms, which towards the end of the reaction reached several nm in size. More recently, Icopini et al (2005) and Conrad et al (2007) used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to image the nanoparticulate silica fraction grown for 12 h and suggested that the primary particles were about 3 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantification of initial steps of nucleation and growth of silica nanoparticles: An in-situ SAXS and DLS study

Tobler

Shaw

Benning

2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

137

111

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Section: Silica Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Silica Nanoparticle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantification of initial steps of nucleation and growth of silica nanoparticles: An in-situ SAXS and DLS study

Tobler

Shaw

Benning

2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

137

111

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“…For these reasons, the mechanism of amorphous silica precipitation has been the subject of intensive research. Results obtained in laboratory have yielded precious information on the role of temperature, pH, ionic strength and initial supersaturation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . The whole precipitation process is usually described as a succession of steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation mechanism of amorphous silica nanoparticles: A simulation approach

Noguera

Fritz

Clément

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Hypothesis: Despite its importance in numerous industrial and natural processes, many unsolved questions remain regarding the mechanism of silica precipitation in aqueous solutions: order of the reaction, role of silica oligomers, existence of an induction time and characteristics of the particle population. This may be traced back, in past models, to the lack of account of the first stages of nucleation, size dependence of the growth law, and full particle population.Computational method: A microscopic description of the nucleation and growth of amorphous silica nanoparticles is achieved which reproduces a large set of experimental measurements, under various thermodynamic conditions. The time evolution of the solution supersaturation and of the precipitate characteristics is established.Findings : A growth law of order 6 allows reproducing experimental results, without being correlated to the presence of silica oligomers in the aqueous solution. The saturation plateaus are shown not to be due to an induction period. The characteristics of the particle population are more complex than assumed by simple precipitation models (Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov or Chronomal models) and strongly depend on how supersaturation is reached. Such a microscopic approach thus proves to be well suited to elucidate the mechanism of nanoparticle formation in natural and industrial contexts.

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“…Yet, due to the infinite resupply of aqueous monomeric silica in the geothermal solution, nucleation will be a continuous process. Many experimental studies -both with purely inorganic or mixed organic inorganic solutions -have shown that once silica nanoparticles formed in solution, their growth, ripening or aggregation behavior is strongly affected by pH, ionic strength, temperature (Iler, 1980;Rothbaum and Wilson, 1977;Makrides et al, 1980;Weres et al, 1981;Icopini et al, 2005, Tobler et al, 2006, surfactant type and concentration (e.g., Boukari et al, 1997;Green et al, 2003). Furthermore, the structure and complexity of the formed aggregates can be described by applying concepts of fractal geometry (Pfeifer and Obert, 1989;Lin et al, 1990) with the condensation of primary monomers into nanoparticles or aggregates producing fractal objects with a fractal dimension D f .…”

Section: Example: Silica Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation of Mineral Phases: Mechanisms and Kinetic Controls

Benning

Waychunas

2008

Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction

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The formation of any phase, whether natural or synthetic (Fig. 7.1), is usually a disequilibrium process that follows a series of steps until a thermodynamically stable state (equilibrium) is achieved. The first step in the process of creating a new solid phase from a supersaturated solution (either aqueous or solid) is called nucleation. A particle formed by the event of nucleation usually has a poorly ordered and often highly hydrated structure. This particle is metastable with respect to ordering into a well-defined phase, which can accompany growth of the particle. This process of initiation of a new phase is defined as a first order transition and can follow various pathways involving a host of mechanisms. One of these pathways occurs when individual nuclei coalesce into larger clusters, a process defined as aggregation, which itself can follow a series of different pathways. The new phase is thermodynamically defined when the growing nucleus or aggregate has distinct properties relative to its host matrix; for example, a well-defined crystal structure, composition and/or density. These processes depend on a plethora of chemical and physical parameters that control and strongly affect the formation of new nuclei, the growth of a new crystal, or the aggregation behavior of clusters, and it is these issues that will be the focus of this chapter. We will discuss the mechanisms and rates of each process as well as the methods of quantification or modeling from the point of view of existing theoretical understanding. Each step will be illustrated with natural examples or laboratory experimental quantifications. Complementary to the information in this chapter, a detailed analysis of the mechanisms and processes that govern dissolution of a phase are discussed in detail in Chap. 5 and more detailed information about molecular modeling approaches are outlined in Chap. 2.

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Condensation of silica from supersaturated silicic acid solutions

Cited by 110 publications

References 25 publications

Quantification of initial steps of nucleation and growth of silica nanoparticles: An in-situ SAXS and DLS study

Quantification of initial steps of nucleation and growth of silica nanoparticles: An in-situ SAXS and DLS study

Precipitation mechanism of amorphous silica nanoparticles: A simulation approach

Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation of Mineral Phases: Mechanisms and Kinetic Controls

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