Condensed Combustion Products at the Burning Surface of Aluminized Solid Propellant

Babuk, V. A.; Vasilyev, V.; Malakhov, M. S.

doi:10.2514/2.5497

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In particular, Babuk et al modeled the generation of agglomerates through a detailed physical description of the process but also looked at the aluminum pocket through a statistical approach [12]. Babuk et al also made experimental works of CCP collection and measurement of propellants embedding oxidizers of varying sizes and providing agglomeration data as a function of the propellant microstructure [3].…”

Section: Investigation On Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ¦nal size of the agglomerates is strongly in §uenced by the residence time of the metal powders on the surface. In case of propellants containing micrometric aluminum powders, fast-and slowburning conditions should generate di¨erent scenarios as described in [3,4,6]. In the former conditions, the reduced residence time results in the so-called subpocket agglomeration that generates more agglomerates from one original pocket.…”

Section: Agglomerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass-weighted mean diameters (d [4,3]) of Tables 2 and 3 are used to correlate the model case to experimental combustion pressure.…”

Section: Detailed Description Of Agglomerates From Three-dimensional mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable work was carried on by Babuk et al in the ¦eld of experimental collection techniques as well as in agglomeration modeling. Using a quenching plate or a liquid quenching pool, placed in the proximity of burning samples, CCP were promptly extinguished, accumulated, and made available to postcombustion analysis (measurement through laser granulometry, chemical analysis, or morphology [3]). Notwithstanding the validity of the technique for a complete analysis of the agglomerates, the method is intrusive and may alter some quality of the particles (shape, diameter, composition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Agglomeration in solid rocket propellants: novel experimental and modeling methods

Maggi

Bandera

Luca

et al. 2011

Progress in Propulsion Physics

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Metal agglomeration is a key factor a¨ecting the performance of metalized solid propellant rockets since many of the mechanisms that degrade speci¦c impulse can be ascribed to metal powder aggregation and agglomeration. Condensed combustion products are generated at or near the burning surface of the propellant and then released in the gas phase where they are shaped by the core §ow viscous forces and oxidized by the reactive environment. On this basis, detailed information about the size of agglomerates as they are generated from the propellant may improve the knowledge of the core §ow and, thus, the prediction of its e¨ects (namely, two-phase §ow losses). This topic entails both modeling and experimental activities, and the aim of this work is to present some recent developments achieved at the Space Propulsion Laboratory in cooperation with other international institutions. The experimental part shows the application of high-speed and high-resolution imaging of propellant combustion for automated measurement of particle size exploited by means of an ad-hoc image processing tool. The modeling part demonstrates how heterogeneity can explain the agglomeration by means of a pocket model using spatial statistics and two-(2D) or threedimensional (3D) virtual propellants. A de¦nition of a characteristic time that ¦ts the agglomeration data for tested propellants is suggested, and a method for predicting the agglomerate size is given. Both activities are still a matter of research but the maturity level reached so far permits the application in some practical cases. Progress in Propulsion Physics2 (2011) 81-98

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Section: Investigation On Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agglomerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass-weighted mean diameters (d [4,3]) of Tables 2 and 3 are used to correlate the model case to experimental combustion pressure.…”

Section: Detailed Description Of Agglomerates From Three-dimensional mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Agglomeration in solid rocket propellants: novel experimental and modeling methods

Maggi

Bandera

Luca

et al. 2011

Progress in Propulsion Physics

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“…Depending on the SL properties, the propellants were divided into two classes ¡ A and B [34]. For burning propellants of class A, the metal ignition temperature is less than the decomposition temperature of carbonaceous elements.…”

Section: Solid and Hybryd Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and synthesis of solutions for the agglomeration process modeling

Babuk

Dolotkazin

Nizyaev

2013

Progress in Propulsion Physics

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The present work is devoted development of model of agglomerating process for propellants based on ammonium perchlorate (AP), ammonium dinitramide (ADN), HMX, inactive binder, and nanoaluminum. Generalization of experimental data, development of physical picture of agglomeration for listed propellants, development and analysis of mathematical models are carried out. Synthesis of models of various phenomena taking place at agglomeration implementation allows predicting of size and quantity, chemical composition, structure of forming agglomerates and its fraction in set of condensed combustion products. It became possible in many respects due to development of new model of agglomerating particle evolution on the surface of burning propellant. Obtained results correspond to available experimental data. It is supposed that analogical method based on analysis of mathematical models of particular phenomena and their synthesis will allow implementing of the agglomerating process modeling for other types of metalized solid propellants.

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Characterization and Combustion of Aluminum Nanopowders in Energetic Systems

et al. 2014

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Following a comprehensive literature survey about use of Al nanopowders in a range of HEM applications — including rocket propulsion, pyrotechnics, and explosives - a through treatment is offered of the ideal and delivered thermochemical performance of the most interesting metallic ingredients to augment solid and hybrid rocket propulsion. The particular but fundamental class of nAl powders is then investigated in detail: critical issues such as coating and characterization of the powders, rheological and mechanical properties, combustion and ballistic behavior are all examined under a variety of operating conditions. Although attractive for fundamental studies and much used in laboratory experiments, no rocket propulsion operational systems are yet reported in use for nAl powders. Loss of active metal, cold cohesion, and poor propellant castability globally overcome advantages such as increased burning rate (easily achievable by other ways) and reduced specific impulse losses associated with 2P flow (thanks to less agglomeration with respect to the corresponding micrometric powders). Use of dual metallic fuels, by properly blending μAl and nAl, and/or modification of the natural properties of nAl particles, by suitable coatings, represent two possible ways to exploit the potential of nanopowders. Several approaches are also discussed so as to improve dispersion and mechanical properties of solid propellants or solid fuels containing nAl. Overall, a good control of particle size, metal content, and dispersion is a crucial requirement for successful applications of nanoingredients in propulsion

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Condensed Combustion Products at the Burning Surface of Aluminized Solid Propellant

Cited by 105 publications

References 5 publications

Agglomeration in solid rocket propellants: novel experimental and modeling methods

Agglomeration in solid rocket propellants: novel experimental and modeling methods

Analysis and synthesis of solutions for the agglomeration process modeling

Characterization and Combustion of Aluminum Nanopowders in Energetic Systems

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