Condensed tannin-glucose-based NIPU bio-foams of improved fire retardancy

Chen, Xinyi; Li, Jinxing; Xi, Xuedong; Pizzi, A.; Zhou, Xiaojian; Fredon, Emmanuel; Du, Guanben; Gérardin, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109121

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A few types of ambient temperature, or even moderate temperature, self-blowing foams derived by mostly biosourced raw materials have been described in the literature. These have been based either on the self-blowing reaction of tannins with furfuryl alcohol, these being the older types [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], or on mono-and disaccharides non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], or on tannin-based NIPUs [ 10 ], or even on tannin–monosaccharide NIPUs [ 11 ], or on mixtures of these strategies of approach. The emphasis here is on ambient temperature self-blowing, the use of temperature to obtain foams being less attractive for a certain number and types of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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Ambient temperature self-blowing tannin–furanic foams have been prepared by substituting a great part—even a majority—of furfuryl alcohol with humins, a polyfuranic material derived from the acid treatment at high temperature of fructose. Closed-cell foams were prepared at room temperature and curing, while interconnected-cell foams were prepared at 80 °C and curing, this being due to the more vigorous evaporation of the solvent. These foams appear to present similar characteristics as other tannin–furanic foams based only on furfuryl alcohol. A series of tannin–humins–furfuryl alcohol oligomer structures have been defined indicating that all three reagents co-react. Humins appeared to react well with condensed tannins, even higher molecular weight humins species, and even at ambient temperature, but they react slower than furfuryl alcohol. This is due to their high average molecular weight and high viscosity, causing their reaction with other species to be diffusion controlled. Thus, small increases in solvent led to foams with less cracks and open structures. It showed that furfuryl alcohol appears to also have a role as a humins solvent, and not just as a co-reagent and self-polymerization heat generator for foam expansion and hardening. Stress-strain for the different foams showed a higher compressive strength for both the foam with the lowest and the highest proportion of humins, thus in the dominant proportions of either furfuryl alcohol or the humins. Thus, due to their slower reactivity as their proportion increases to a certain critical level, more of them do proportionally participate within the expansion/curing time of the foam to the reaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, the third degradation stage showing a large weight loss can occur in the 400-600℃ range, is due to the degradation of the cured adhesive skeleton. Some more stable chemical bonds, such as C-C and C-O, are cleaved within this temperature range [34][35][36] . Remarkably, the degradation temperature peak shifts to a higher value, while the weight loss rate shifts to smaller value with the increase in GDE.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…DTG curves show three peaks as well, corresponding to the three thermal degradation stages. For the first one, in the low-temperature range, this weight loss was attributed to the residual water evaporation and some small molecular impurities degradation [34,35] . The second stage occurs in the 150-400℃ range, a small peak appearing in this temperature range, which corresponds to some unreacted GDE [3] .…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectra of the tannin/GDE adhesives present a similar chemical structure than raw tannin. An intense broad absorption band (region Ⅰ in Figure 5(a)) between 3200-3500 cm -1 is associated with -OH group of aromatic and aliphatic stretching vibration [34,39,40] . Although here also have some difference between all four samples, it is still unidentifiable if some change occurs in the number of -OH during the reaction between tannin and GDE.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared (Ft-ir) Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and properties of a novel type of tannin-based wood adhesive

Chen

Pizzi

Fredon

et al. 2020

The Journal of Adhesion

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A novel biomass-based wood adhesive was prepared with commercial Mimosa tannin extract and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) by convenient mechanical mixing. GDE served as the crosslinker of the tannin without any aldehyde addition yielding hardened three-dimensional networks. Different weight ratios of tannin/GDE were investigated by a number of techniques to determine their influence on final properties. The results showed that a non-hydrolysable ester bonds can be formed between the epoxy groups of GDE and hydroxyl groups of tannin, this being the critical factor for the good water resistance obtained by the wood adhesives prepared. Moreover, the dry and wet shear strength exhibit positive correlation with the proportion of GDE added. Even at a relatively small proportion of GDE (33% of the weight of dry tannin), the dry and 24 h cold water shear strengths of the bonded plywood satisfied the requirements of relevant standard (GB/T 9846-2015, ≥0.7 MPa). The thermal stability of the tannin-based wood adhesive so prepared progressively improved with the increasing proportion of GDE.

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“…More recently, successful attempts to produce NIPUs from natural materials rich in hydroxyl groups have been reported [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. These have the additional characteristic to have simplified the procedure by using a cheaper aliphatic carbonate by eliminating the reaction of preparing cyclic carbonates [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Among these, glucose-and sucrose-based NIPUs prepared with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine were used to bond wood joint and particleboard with encouraging results [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Furanic Humins-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Thermoset Wood Adhesives

et al. 2021

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Predominantly non-furanic commercial humins were used to prepare humin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins for wood panel adhesives. Pure humin-based NIPU resins and tannin–humin NIPU resins were prepared, the latter to upgrade the humins’ performance. Species in the raw humins and species formed in the NIPU resins were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Humins, fulvic acid and derivatives, humic acid and its fragments, some lignans present and furanic oligomers present formed NIPU linkages. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) showed that as with other biomaterials-based NIPU resins, all these resins also showed two temperature peaks of curing, the first around 130 °C and the second around 220 °C. A decrease in the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) between the two indicated that the first curing period corresponded to linear growth of the oligomers forming a physical entanglement network. This then disentangled, and the second corresponded to the formation of a chemical cross-linked network. This second peak was more evident for the tannin–humin NIPU resins. All the laboratory particleboard made and tested either bonded with pure humins or with tannin–humin NIPU adhesives satisfied well the internal bond strength requirements of the relevant standard for interior grade panels. The tannin–humin adhesives performed clearly better than the pure humins one.

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Condensed tannin-glucose-based NIPU bio-foams of improved fire retardancy

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Ambient Temperature Self-Blowing Tannin-Humins Biofoams

Preparation and properties of a novel type of tannin-based wood adhesive

Non-Furanic Humins-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Thermoset Wood Adhesives

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