Condensed tannins from Ficus altissima leaves: Structural, antioxidant, and antityrosinase properties

Abstract

The total phenolic content and the concentration of extractable and bound condensed tannins of Ficus altissima leaves were determined. The antioxidant activity of crude extracts and condensed tannins of F. altissima leaves was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pichydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that condensed tannins possessed higher free radical scavenging power. The structure of condensed tannins was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with thiolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The findings showed that condensed tannins from F. altissima leaves were mixtures of procyanidins, prodelphinidins, and propelargonidins with a degree of polymerization up to 30-mer. In addition, condensed tannins effectively protected plasmid DNA against free radical damage and alleviated t-butylhydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity on human hepatocyte LO2 cells. Condensed tannins exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on both monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. The IC 50 values were estimated to be 256.7 ± 0.3 and 41.3 ± 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. For the diphenolase activity, inhibition by condensed tannins was reversible and of mixed-type. Condensed tannins from leaves of F. altissima were indicated to possess significant antioxidant and antityrosinase activities, suggesting that F. altissima might be a good source of proanthocyanidins with biological activity.

Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities integrated to chemical composition of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão - A conservationist proposal for the species

“…The relevant biological activity of tannins is due to the interaction of these compounds with a variety of molecules, especially proteins (Barrett et al, 2017;Sekowski et al, 2017). This, added to the antioxidant properties of tannins (Karas et al, 2017;Deng et al, 2016) and anti-inflammatory (Spinaci et al, 2018;Souza et al, 2007) explain, at least in part, the pharmacological actions of these compounds.…”

Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances

“…On the contrary, biflavonoids not containing a 1,3-benzenediol from Solanum nigrum (Figure 11) were only poor tyrosinase inhibitos, with IC 50 values > 190 µM [94]. Increasing attention has been devoted to condensed tannins, which have shown promising activities as inhibitors of both monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (Table 1) [96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. Particularly active were prodelphinidins and procyanidins from the fruit pericarp of Clausena lansium Skeels [102], as well as the complex mixtures isolated from Persea Americana [106], Longan bark [99], and from leaves and fruit of Leucaena leucocephala [97].…”

Isolation and Identification of procyanidins in Aronia Melanocarpa Using NMR, LC-IT-TOF/MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS

“…Several studies have shown that the procyanidins from many plant sources, including Chinese hawthorn (Chai et al, 2014), indigenous cinnamon (Lin et al, 2016) and Ficus altissima leaves (Deng et al, 2016), were tested by antioxidant activities assays.…”