The paper presents the approach allowing quantitative evaluation of gear damages, which makes it possible to estimate the technical condition of the machine where the gear applied. The models of dynamic loads in a gear and vibrations are described, and specialties of gear transfer function are discussed. The diagnostic parameter is presented that allows quantitative evaluating the gear damage using tri-axial vibrations. The proposed algorithm of diagnostic parameter computation was experimentally tested, and the results of its validation are presented. There are conclusions about capability of the proposed algorithm for quantitative estimation of gear technical condition.