Conditional Cash Transfers in the Amazon: From the Nutrition Transition to Complex Dietary Behavior Change

Lima, Ana Carolina Barbosa de; Brondízio, Eduardo S.; Nardoto, Gabriela Bielefeld; Nascimento, Ana Claudeise Silva do

doi:10.1080/03670244.2019.1678032

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A certain degree of nutrition transition has been shown in traditional Amazonian populations, such as indigenous [26,33] and riverine communities from the Tapajós basin [17,32,[41][42][43]. In many rural areas, there was a shift in the subsistence-based economy to wage labor and, in many cases, to the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, called "Bolsa Família" [17,32,41,43]. The money gave people an opportunity to obtain industri-alized food, increasing the intake of these types of food and decreasing the traditional Amazonian food intake [17,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both regions, Tapajós and Tucuruí, are knowingly affected by anthropogenic mercury contamination [11,14,15,44,45]. Therefore, in addition to possible genetic contributors (especially for low HDL-c levels), other factors that we have extensively documented, such as environmental contamination [11,[14][15][16]43,45], could be influencing the progression of the syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

Arrifano

Alvarez-Leite

Macchi

et al. 2021

JCM

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The metabolic syndrome (MetS) epidemic is a global challenge. Although developing countries (including Brazil, India, and South Africa) present a higher proportion of deaths by cardiovascular diseases than developed countries, most of our knowledge is from these developed countries. Amazonian riverine populations (ARP), as well as other vulnerable populations of the Southern Hemisphere, share low-income and traditional practices, among other features. This large cross-sectional study of ARP (n = 818) shows high prevalence of hypertension (51%) and obesity (23%). MetS was diagnosed in 38% of participants (especially in women and 60–69 years-old individuals) without the influence of ancestry. Only 7–8% of adults had no cardio-metabolic abnormalities related to MetS. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (low HDL-cholesterol) was generally observed, including in individuals without MetS. Still, slight differences were detected between settings with a clear predominance of hypertension in Tucuruí. Hypotheses on possible genetic influence and factors (nutrition transition and environmental pollutants -mercury) are proposed for future studies. Moreover, a roadmap to MetS progression based on the most prevalent components is provided for the development of tailored interventions in the Amazon (initially, individuals would present low HDL-cholesterol levels, later progressing to increased blood pressure characterizing hypertension, and ultimately reaching MetS with obesity). Our alarming results support the need to improve our knowledge on these vulnerable populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

Arrifano

Alvarez-Leite

Macchi

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Whereas our research among the A'uwe ˜revealed a significant shift in the local hybrid economy towards market foods accompanying widespread access to social benefits and government salaries in recent decades, this has not occurred everywhere. A study in rural Amazonia has shown increased access to social benefits may not result in greater emphasis on industrialized processed foods [8]. However, the Amazon region has very different local ecological and market conditions than are experienced by A'uwe ˜, including communities separated from distant market centers by expensive fluvial travel and limited local access to expensive and nondiverse retail foods.…”

Section: Had Differing Opinions On Access To the Market And Its Trans...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bolsa Famı ´lia Program, considered the largest cash transfer program in the world, has as its primary objective the reduction of "poverty" in Brazil; only indirectly or secondarily addressing a number of objectives related to "human development", including food and nutritional security as well as schooling and healthcare [6]. Therefore, it is not surprising that studies carried out with Indigenous and riverine populations in the Amazon show that receipt of Bolsa Famı ´lia by families was associated with lower food security, and did not improve the nutritional status of benefited children [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A’uwẽ (Xavante) views of food security in a context of monetarization of an indigenous economy in Central Brazil

Welch

Coimbra

2022

PLoS ONE

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Following boom-and-bust economic cycles provoked by Brazilian governmental attempts to integrate Indigenous peoples into national society, it is approximately since the beginning of the 2000s that Brazilian Indigenous peoples came to be viewed officially as “poor” and victims of “hunger.” Consequently, the national indigenist agency and other State entities started to conceive and implement diverse initiatives that ultimately injected money and resources into Indigenous communities. In 2019 we undertook an ethnographic study in three A’uwẽ (Xavante) communities in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve, Central Brazil, with the objective of analyzing how people understand and pursue food security. We propose that in the studied communities the complex network of A’uwẽ food reciprocity is a fundamental strategy for mitigating hunger and acute lack of food. We show that among the A’uwẽ, the hybrid economy that developed since the 1970s has proved resilient to dramatic transformations and uncertainty in the availability and characteristics of external government inputs.

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“…Concerning isotopic values of remote settings (Table 2), De Lima et al 2018found similar results with residents of the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve (SDR), located in the middle Solimões region. According to De Lima et al (2018), the isotopic averages of δ 15 N and δ 13 C were 11.6 ± 0.6‰ and − 22.9 ± 1.1‰, expressing a very complex web food with huge intakes of fish, game meat, and more items derived from C 3 plants. In addition to all livelihood biocultural factors, the slight difference regarding remote Kalunga settings can be explained by lower fish and game meat availability in the Cerrado region than in the Amazon.…”

Section: Stable Isotopes From Local Food and Resources Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban access and government subsidies impact livelihood and food transition in slave-remnant communities in the Brazilian Cerrado

Silva

Garavello

Nardoto

et al. 2019

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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The livelihood and food of rural communities is changing, possibly due to greater access to urban areas and their market economy. However, the degree of change and the main influencing factors appear to vary considerably. To characterize this process in a continuum of slave-remnant villages (Kalunga) in the Brazilian Cerrado, we assessed (i) the main influencing factors of this shift in food patterns and (ii) the isotopic composition (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) in the fingernails of inhabitants. The stable isotope ratios from the fingernails of 87 volunteers from different Kalunga villages were used to determine the source and trophic chain diversity of food. In addition, we conducted semi-structured questionnaire interviews in 81 domestic units to verify details about food patterns, use of resources, and socioeconomic conditions. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression to determine the relative influence of multiple factors on the transition process. From this, access to town and government subsidies was significantly associated with the reduction of subsistence farming and the consumption of staple foods like rice and beans. We also verified a gradual food change from C 3 (more natural) to C 4 (more processed) sources of food containing a smaller diversity items with an increase of δ 13 C and decrease of δ 15 N toward the town. These results primarily indicate a transition pattern from locally produced foods to processed items that increases with greater urban access and more government subsidies in rural settings. This is the first time that an interdisciplinary approach with stable isotopes and one multinomial discriminant model has been used to assess the impacts of public policy and socioeconomic development on the livelihood of slave-remnant communities. The main issue raised here concerns the maintenance of food sovereignty in rural areas for residents who essentially live by their own efforts and livelihoods.

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Conditional Cash Transfers in the Amazon: From the Nutrition Transition to Complex Dietary Behavior Change

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

Living in the Southern Hemisphere: Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Amazonian Riverine Populations

A’uwẽ (Xavante) views of food security in a context of monetarization of an indigenous economy in Central Brazil

Urban access and government subsidies impact livelihood and food transition in slave-remnant communities in the Brazilian Cerrado

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