Conditional investment strategy in evolutionary trust games with repeated group interactions

Liu, Linjie; Chen, Xiaojie

doi:10.1016/j.ins.2022.07.073

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The lowest levels of trust toward strangers were reported for Ecuador [7.8%], Albania [8.7%], and Peru [9.0%]. Some authors suggest that the explanation for the observed population differences may be rooted in different socio-environmental factors, which moderate trusting attitudes through social learning and everyday experiences ( Kwantes and Kuo, 2021 ; Liu and Chen, 2022 ). The correspondence between the level of trust in the anonymous version of our Trust Game [70%] and the outcome of the WVS for Netherlands [71.6%] is more than a coincidence: a study across 35 countries (involving more than 23,000 subjects) revealed that the level of trust per country as measured in anonymous one-shot Trust Games aligned well with the level of trust as measured by the WVS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study

et al. 2023

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The ability to trust others, including strangers, is a prerequisite for human cooperation. Economically it is not rational to trust strangers, as trust can be easily exploited. Still, generally, the level of trust toward strangers is relatively high. Trust is closely related to trustworthiness: when trusting others, one expects them to reciprocate. Some individuals elicit more trust than others. Apparently, humans use subtle cues for judging the trustworthiness of their interaction partners. Here, we report on an experiment that investigates trust and trustworthiness in a population of 176 mainly Dutch students. The aims of our study were: (1) to investigate how the sex of interaction partners and their facial appearance (femininity/masculinity) affect the degree of trust and trustworthiness, compared to fully anonymous conditions; (2) to test whether individuals who elicit trust in their interaction partners are trustworthy themselves. Each subject of our experiment played five one-shot Trust Games: one with an anonymous interaction partner, and four “personalized” games after seeing a 20 s silent video of their interaction partner (twice same-sex, and twice opposite-sex). The degree of facial sexual dimorphism was investigated with geometric morphometrics based on full-face photographs. Our results revealed that, despite the already high level of trust in the anonymous setting, the personalization of interactions had a clear effect on behavior. Females elicited more trust in partners of both sexes. Interestingly, females with more feminine faces elicited less trust in both male and female partners, while males with more masculine facial shape were more trusted by females, but less trusted by males. Neither sex nor facial femininity/masculinity predicted trustworthiness. Our results demonstrate that (1) sex and sex-related facial traits of interaction partners have a clear effect on eliciting trust in strangers. However, (2) these cues are not reliable predictors of actual trustworthiness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trust as a phenomenon is being studied in various disciplines, including the social sciences, psychology, and economics ( Bateson, 1988 ; Hardin, 2002 ; Uslaner, 2018 ; Kumar et al, 2020 ; Liu and Chen, 2022 ). The definitions of trust vary from field to field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study

et al. 2023

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“…Otherwise, the probability that action i replaces action j is P jfalse→i=1(1+e(Πi−Π j)/κ),where i≠j∈falsefalse{C,D,Lfalsefalse}, and κ −1 > 0 represents the imitation strength, indicating the degree to which players base their decisions on comparing payoffs [33]. This concept is similar to the widely used notion of selection strength in the literature on finite populations [34–36], which emphasizes the crucial role of selection strength in determining the evolutionary outcomes. For the sake of simplicity, we adopt a fixed value of κ = 0.1 throughout the main text.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small bots, big impact: solving the conundrum of cooperation in optional Prisoner’s Dilemma game through simple strategies

Sharma

Guo

Shen

et al. 2023

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Cooperation plays a crucial role in both nature and human society, and the conundrum of cooperation attracts the attention from interdisciplinary research. In this study, we investigated the evolution of cooperation in optional Prisoner’s Dilemma games by introducing simple bots. We focused on one-shot and anonymous games, where the bots could be programmed to always cooperate, always defect, never participate or choose each action with equal probability. Our results show that cooperative bots facilitate the emergence of cooperation among ordinary players in both well-mixed populations and a regular lattice under weak imitation scenarios. Introducing loner bots has no impact on the emergence of cooperation in well-mixed populations, but it facilitates the dominance of cooperation in regular lattices under strong imitation scenarios. However, too many loner bots on a regular lattice inhibit the spread of cooperation and can eventually result in a breakdown of cooperation. Our findings emphasize the significance of bot design in promoting cooperation and offer useful insights for encouraging cooperation in real-world scenarios.

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“…In the field of sociology, previous research focused on explaining what trust is, the types or targets of trust, the functions of trust, the foundations of trust, the mechanism of creating or destroying trust, the origins, determinants and outcomes of trust and social capital (e.g., Fukuyama, 1995 ; Putnam, 1995 ; Sztompka, 2003 ). Researchers in psychology and social psychology have investigated whether trust is an individual disposition or a psychological state to accept vulnerability based on expectations of the behavior of others, whether trust is a personality trait and how trust judgements are made and its dynamics using game theories (e.g., Rousseau et al, 1998 ; Evans and Revelle, 2008 ; Freitag and Bauer, 2016 ; Liu and Chen, 2022 ). Meanwhile, studies from economics, management and political sciences have focused on institutional trust reflecting the functioning of the overall political legal and economic framework as well as its informal institutions and tries to answer what generates trust in a state/ institution/ organization or what a trustworthy state/institution/organization represents (e.g., Hardin, 2002 ; Warren, 2004 ; Welter and Smallbone, 2006 ).…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal payments by patients, institutional trust and institutional asymmetry

Horodnic

Williams²,

Ciobanu³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the extent of the practice of using informal payments for accessing the services of public clinics or hospitals across Europe and to explain the prevalence of this corrupt practice using the framework of institutional theory. To achieve this, a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression on 25,744 interviews undertaken in 2020 with patients across 27 European Union countries is conducted. The finding is that the practice of making informal payments remains a prevalent practice, although there are large disparities in the usage of this practice in different European countries. However, informal payments by patients are more likely when there is a lower institutional trust and a higher degree of asymmetry between formal and informal institutions. The resultant proposal is that policy makers need to address the institutional environment to tackle such informal payments. How this can be achieved is outlined.

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Conditional investment strategy in evolutionary trust games with repeated group interactions

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study

Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study

Small bots, big impact: solving the conundrum of cooperation in optional Prisoner’s Dilemma game through simple strategies

Informal payments by patients, institutional trust and institutional asymmetry

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