Conditioned Suppression: Operant Variables and Aversive Control

Lyon, David O.

doi:10.1007/bf03393779

Cited by 79 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…From the absence of any observed conditioned skeletal muscle response, the authors inferred a lack of generalized muscle tension and concluded that such findings were at variance with the hypothesis that conditioned suppression is mediated by skeletal muscle "freezing" (Lyon, 1968). However, that conclusion is limited to the activity of only one muscle.…”

Section: Experiments IImentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This decrement is usually elicited by a conditioned stimulus (CS) following repeated association of that CS with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The interference theory attributes the response decrement to interference by various conditioned physiological responses, including autonomic and skeletal muscular responses (Kamin, 1965;Lyon, 1968). The response decrement is seen as a behavioral index of the conditioned emotional response (CER).…”

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confidence: 99%

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ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

Punch

King

Matyas³

1976

Psychobiology

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Section: Experiments IImentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

Punch

King

Matyas³

1976

Psychobiology

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“…Catania (1966) emphasized that the isolated operant is a special behavioral case, and the analysis of behavior must also be directed to the interaction of two or more operants. Yet, in the study of emotional behavior, for example, much of the experimental work stems from Estes and Skinner's (1941) demonstration of "conditioned anxiety", and has been concerned with the disruption of a single operant, and with the identification and quantification of variables affecting this disruption (Davis, 287 1972, 18, 287-294 NUMBER 2 (SEPTEMBER) 1968; Lyon, 1968). We have elsewhere (Millenson and de Villiers, 1970) suggested that a principal effect in conditioned emotional states is the modification of positive and negative reinforcement variables.…”

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confidence: 99%

CONCURRENT PERFORMANCES: A BASELINE FOR THE STUDY OF CONDITIONED ANXIETY¹

Villiers¹,

Millenson²

1972

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Three rats were trained to lever press on concurrent random interval 2-min random interval 2-min schedules of milk reinforcement. With a 5-sec changeover delay, relative response rate matched the relative reinforcement duration associated with each lever. A stimulus, during which unavoidable shocks occurred at random intervals, was superimposed on this concurrent baseline, and shifts in preference were found. However, data from this procedure were ambiguous, apparently confounded by shock-elicited response bursts. Termination of the shocks during the stimulus resulted in a rapid recovery of matching, which was preceded by a brief facilitation of responding on the less-preferred lever. The procedure was then changed to a conventional conditioned anxiety paradigm with a variable duration pre-shock stimulus. A marked shift in relative response rate towards the preferred lever was found in all three rats; that is, responding on the preferred lever wvas far less suppressed during the pre-shock stimulus than responding on the less-preferred lever.Varying the duration of the grain reinforcer for responses under a single-key variableinterval (VI) schedule, Catania (1963) found that response rates of pigeons failed to change systematically with reinforcer duration. However, when subjects were allowed to choose between two keys associated witlh different durations of the reinforcer on concurrent VI 2-min VI 2-min schedules with a 2-sec changeover delay (COD), relative response rate on each key came to match the relative reinforcer duration associated with that key.These results were confirmed and extended in an experiment by Neuringer (1967), who showed that whereas key preference in concurrent chain schedules varied directly with reinforcer duration, absolute rates of responding on each key in the terminal links were comparatively insensitive to clhanges in reinforcer duration. Neuringer noted that amount and frequency of reinforcement appear to influence the relative strength of a response among a set of response alternatives far more than the absolute strength of a response in isolation.Other eters of punishment have a greater effect on responding in a concurrent than in a singleresponse situation. Azrin and Holz (1966) demonstrated that an intensity of shock that only slightly suppressed responding in a single-key punishment situation, when used as punishment of one response in a concurrent situation, produced complete suppression of that response, accompanied by an increase in the rate of the concurrent response. Similar results have been found using timeout, or a loud noise as the punishing stimulus (Azrin and Holz, 1966). However, when both component responses are punished in concurrent VI VI schedules in which reinforcement rates are asymmetrical, the absolute rate of each response is reduced but their relative rates are not affected. The organism's preference still matches relative reinforcement rate, even when overall response rate is considerably suppressed (Holz, 1968). Catania (1966) emphasized that the is...

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“…This position, elaborated by Lyon (1968), holds that delivery of shock may occasionally follow the baseline response, thereby producing a spurious punishment effect and reducing the rate of baseline responding. It is arguable that such associations between operant responding and shock USs are virtually inevitable at some stage of training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration from instrumental to consummatory baselines

Davis

Shattuck

1980

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Following training on a variable-interval food reinforcement schedule, rats were exposed to Pavlovian procedures which produced reliable conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration of the leverpressing (instrumental) baseline. When free food was simultaneously made available in the test cage, all subjects spent the majority of each session "freeloading," that is, eating food from a dish rather than leverpressing for it. When superimposed upon the freeloading baseline, the conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration procedures affected the rate of pellet consumption identically in magnitude and direction to their previous effects on leverpressing. These results suggest a motivational mechanism for conditioned suppression and acceleration, rather than one which depends upon spurious punishment of specific response sequences.

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Conditioned Suppression: Operant Variables and Aversive Control

Cited by 79 publications

References 61 publications

ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

CONCURRENT PERFORMANCES: A BASELINE FOR THE STUDY OF CONDITIONED ANXIETY¹

Transfer of conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration from instrumental to consummatory baselines

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Conditioned Suppression: Operant Variables and Aversive Control

Cited by 79 publications

References 61 publications

ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

ECG T-wave amplitude, muscle tension, and heart rate concomitants of conditioned suppression

CONCURRENT PERFORMANCES: A BASELINE FOR THE STUDY OF CONDITIONED ANXIETY1

Transfer of conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration from instrumental to consummatory baselines

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Product

Resources

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CONCURRENT PERFORMANCES: A BASELINE FOR THE STUDY OF CONDITIONED ANXIETY¹