Conditioning and extinction of the galvanic skin response as a function of anxiety.

Bitterman, M. E.; Holtzman, Wayne H.

doi:10.1037/h0057190

Cited by 95 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These researchers, instead of scoring a single peak EDR within this interval (e.g., Bitterman & Holtzman, 1952), have used an ISI between CS onset and UCS onset of at least 8 s and have identified two components that both occur before UCS onset. Figure 3.2 shows a typical development of the EDR in the course of CS-UCS pairings, on the left-hand panel during the first CS-UCS presentation and on the right-hand panel after several trials.…”

Section: Components Of Edr Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

1,613

1,589

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword to the Second EditionAs noted by David Lykken in the foreword to the first edition of this book, electrodermal activity was observed for the first time in Germany. A quartercentury later the scientific study of psychology also originated in Germany. Over time, however, the focus of psychological research, including the then new field of psychophysiology, shifted to the United States and Great Britain. This trend to the dominance of the United States and Great Britain was prolonged by the devastation of World War II and its aftermath in Germany (and elsewhere in continental Europe). Slowly at first and then more rapidly, German psychological science, including psychophysiology, recovered. For several decades German psychophysiologists have been a major force in psychophysiology. With the publication of the first English edition of this book in 1992, it became essential for electrodermal researchers worldwide again to learn from our German colleagues.When I came into psychophysiology in the mid-1960s, electrodermal activity was the most common system studied. Because of its popularity, a large literature had emerged on the physiological mechanisms producing these changes in the electrical properties of the skin and on the best methodology for recording them. Major reviews and/or chapters had been published or soon were to be published by Peter Venables and Irene Martin, Robert Edelberg, and David Lykken. Later reviews and articles were published by Venables and Margaret Christie, and by me. A chapter in 1990 by Michael Dawson, Anne Schell, and Diane Filion was especially noteworthy for its coverage of the psychological applications of electrodermal measures.Note that all these publications were journal articles and chapters and that most of them focused almost entirely on mechanisms and methodology. The publication of this book, first in German and then in English, provided the first book on electrodermal activity, and one that extensively covers psychological applications as well as mechanisms and methodology. Again to quote David Lykken back in 1992, "The return of German scholarship to what I shall loftily call the high table of psychophysiology is exemplified by this fine book, the most comprehensive treatise on the electrodermal system to appear in any language . . ." I completely agree with v that evaluation. Professor Boucsein's outstanding scholarship has produced a book of such breadth of coverage ...

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Section: Components Of Edr Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

1,613

1,589

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“…Classical fear conditioning (Pavlov, 1927) has been examined at the genetic (Hettema, Annas, Neale, Kendler, & Fredrikson, 2003; Jovanovic & Ressler, 2010), synaptic (Amano, Unal, & Paré, 2010; Myers & Davis, 2007), neurocircuitry (Rauch, Shin, & Phelps, 2006; Shin & Liberzon, 2010), and behavioral (Delamater, 2004) levels, and extensively studied in the context of anxiety in humans (Bitterman & Holtzman, 1952; Lissek et al, 2005; Milad & Quirk, 2012). Inhibitory avoidance and fear-potentiated startle paradigms also model behavioral and physiological disturbances relevant to PTSD (Grillon, 2002; Grillon & Morgan III, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a translational approach to targeting the endocannabinoid system in posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review of preclinical research

Papini

Sullivan

Hien

et al. 2015

Biological Psychology

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Despite the lack of clinical research, marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids have been approved to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in several states in the United States. This review critically examines preclinical research on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in order to evaluate three key questions that are relevant to PTSD: (1) Does ECS dysfunction impact fear extinction? (2) Can stress-related symptoms be prevented by ECS modulation? (3) Is the ECS a potential target for enhancing PTSD treatment? Disruption of the ECS impaired fear extinction in rodents, and ECS abnormalities have been observed in PTSD. Targeting fear memories via the ECS had mixed results in rodents, whereas augmented cannabinoid receptor activation typically facilitated extinction. However, the translational value of these findings is limited by the paucity and inconsistency of human research. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether incorporating cannabinoids in treatment would benefit individuals with PTSD, with cautious attention to risks.

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“…Although we are not aware of any "hard" experimental data on the role of individual motivation and of group and social factors in relation to tolerance of cold stress, both anecdotal and field observations strongly support the following conclusions: (a) that the greater the motivation Lo achieve a particular goai, the greater the individual's tolerance of frustration and stress in activiLies leading to that goal (Sells, 1951;Bitterman and Holtzman, 1952;Lazarus, Deese, and Osle:, 1952;Korchin, 1962); (b) that support contributing to the mitigation of stress is received in the participation in closeknit, well-trained groups through the effects of leadership, team spirit, dnd other aspects of the group process; and (c) that other social factors, involving intra-and intergroup relations, such as the effects of success and failure on com,..i.=ticrs, content of communications, and the like, have a significant effect on individual stress tolerance. Karstens (1963) concluded that motivation is an important factor in the performance of aircraft maintenance crews working under adverse weather conditions.…”

Section: Section 8 Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 82%