Conditions for Producing Amber and Brown Glass

Guloyan, Yu. A.

doi:10.1007/s10717-005-0097-y

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These values, while estimations, are in agreement with other studies of glasses bearing similar amounts of Fe 2 O 3 [3,15,18,41,79]. The effect of reductants on the dissolved oxygen in the borosilicate glass melt, has not been explicitly studied, however it is expected that carbonaceous materials will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen in glass melts [97][98][99]. The reductants which had the most negative oxygen balance in Table 5, namely graphite, coke and HEDTA, also had the most negative effect on the apparent oxygen fugacity.…”

Section: Oxygen Fugacitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Alternative Reductants for Foam Control During Vitrification of High-Iron High Level Waste (Hlw) Feeds

et al. 2022

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Section: Oxygen Fugacitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Alternative Reductants for Foam Control During Vitrification of High-Iron High Level Waste (Hlw) Feeds

et al. 2022

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“…The S 2-ions can be obtained by introducing either Na 2 SO 4 with excess reducing agent or blast-furnace slag containing S 2-. The conditions for obtaining amber and brown glasses are examined in [15].…”

Section: It Follows From These Schemes That [Cro 4 ] 2-is An Innerorbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete analysis of ionic staining of glasses by transition-metal compounds

Guloyan

2007

Glass Ceram

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The data on the ionic staining of glasses are analyzed from the standpoint of ligand field theory. New information is added to the existing information on the staining of glasses by transition-metal compounds. Data on the structure of glass-forming melts and the conditions for the formation of staining complexes are presented. A possible mechanism for amber staining in glasses is discussed.Ionic staining of glasses is accomplished, as a rule, with transition and rare-earth elements. Some of these compounds can also be used for decolorize glasses, which is a kind of staining.The current view is that staining is due to the formation of coordination (complex) compounds in which the character of the chemical bond is studied from the standpoint of the valence-bond, crystal-field, and molecular-orbital theories [1 -3]. The basic tenets of these theories as applied to the transition elements are gathered under the name "ligand field theory." The methods used in this theory make it possible to calculate quite accurately the spectral characteristics of coloring complexes, including for glasses [1, 3 -5].The present article presents a complete analysis of ionic staining of glasses. The relationship between color centers and the basic structural elements of glasses is very important for glass technology. This relationship is quite complicated and can be viewed, for example, from the standpoint of the solvation interaction, whose basic ideas as applied to solutions are developed in the monograph [6] and have essentially not been studied for glasses.Ligand field theory studies the interaction of ligands on the d or f orbitals of a complexing ion. Ligands split the corresponding energy levels of the orbitals.The present article will focus on ionic staining determined by the 3d orbitals of ions of transition elements and oxygen ligands. In addition, the mechanism proposed for the formation of complexes with mixed ligands will be examined for the example of amber staining of glass.Ionic staining of glass by transition-metal compounds, as a rule, is associated with octahedral and tetrahedral arrangements of ligands around a complexing ion. The form and spatial arrangement of the d orbitals and their energy levels in the octahedral and tetrahedral environment of ligands (for one spatial variant) are displayed in Fig. 1. In an octahedral ligand field three electron orbitals occupy the lowest energy level d e while two orbitals occupy the higher energy level d g . The opposite picture is observed in a tetrahedral ligand field. When studying transition elements with an increasing numFree ion z z y y x x d g d g d e d e D D à b Fig. 1. Splitting of the energy levels of d electrons in octahedral (a) and tetrahedral (b ) fields of oxygen ligands.

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“…The brown glasses with the function of absorbing ultraviolet radiation have been widely used as packaging materials for drug and beer. It can keep fresh under normal temperature and prevent the decomposition of active ingredients of beer and medicament [1] . The brown glass batch has the composition of the sulfide, carbon powder and ferric oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Brown Glass Containing Fe, C and S

Zhang²,

Yan

et al. 2012

AMR

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The ground state geometrical of cyclic sulfur molecules S8 has been studied with RHF/6-311G* of ab initio methods. Gibbs free energy of CO, SO2, S8 and CO2 from 300 to 1673K has been calculated using ab initio method. Besides, the reaction free enthalpies were calculated. The results show that resultants of reaction of CO and SO2 are S8 and CO2 below 1451K and the reaction is spontaneous.Fe2O3 in glass can is reduced into FeO whose redox number is negative. The Gibbs free energy of FeO is smaller than that of FeS while chemical stability of FeO is higher than that of FeS. Structures of cycle sulfur are versatile. Bond energy of S8, S12 and S18 is broken, which need high energy. When small sulfur ring molecules be formed, the chemical and heat stability of S8 are improved.

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Conditions for Producing Amber and Brown Glass

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Alternative Reductants for Foam Control During Vitrification of High-Iron High Level Waste (Hlw) Feeds

Alternative Reductants for Foam Control During Vitrification of High-Iron High Level Waste (Hlw) Feeds

Complete analysis of ionic staining of glasses by transition-metal compounds

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Brown Glass Containing Fe, C and S

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