Conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears: A review

Ortez, Osler; McMechan, Anthony J.; Hoegemeyer, Thomas; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.; Nielsen, Robert; Thomison, Peter R.; Abendroth, Lori; Elmore, Roger W.

doi:10.1002/cft2.20173

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The result of lower ear heights for abnormal ears can support the possibility of primary ear abortion as one of the triggers for abnormal ear development in corn (Ortez et al., 2022b). If the hypothesis is confirmed, future research should investigate what can prevent primary ear loss and secondary abnormal ear development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Wang et al. (2017) pointed out the importance and need for more attention to crop simulation on pollination, sterility, and abortion of plant organs affected by rising temperatures which can also be a factor connected to abnormal ears (Ortez et al., 2022b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high‐yielding (longer‐season) hybrid P1370 or P1311 (Table 5) had minimum to no ear abnormalities in all environmental and seeding rate combinations (Table 6). Abnormal ears decrease grain yields (Ortez et al., 2022a, 2022b, 2022c). In the results presented here, hybrids with more abnormal ears had lower yields (e.g., P0801 and P0157) (Tables 4 and 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding changes in the direction (i.e., lower or higher) and magnitude (i.e., size) of climate factors affecting crop growth and development for different geographies (Kukal & Irmak, 2018) is necessary. Wang et al (2017) pointed out the importance and need for more attention to crop simulation on pollination, sterility, and abortion of plant organs affected by rising temperatures which can also be a factor connected to abnormal ears (Ortez et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Weather: Historical and Seasonal Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors that influence plant growth and development affect corn yield (Abendroth et al., 2011; Below, 2018; Ortez et al., 2022a, 2022b). These factors include weather, nutrients, genetics, previous crop, plant population, pest and disease management, tillage system, planting dates, and growth regulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and seeding rate matter?

et al. 2023

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Corn (Zea mays L.) yields have increased in the United States since the 1930s and in other parts of the world since the 1950s and 1960s because of improvements in agricultural management and genotypes. Despite these increases, production concerns still exist. In July 2016, abnormal ear development (multi-ears per node, barbell-ears, and short-husks) was reported in cornfields that extended from the Texas Panhandle to eastern Colorado and east through Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Surveys in Nebraska farmer fields revealed significant productivity losses due to the issues, but little was known about the underlying causes. A research study was conducted in four Nebraska fields during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The research investigated the effects of hybrids, environments, seeding rates, and their interactions on abnormal ears. Eight hybrids, eight environments, and five seeding rates were studied. About 63,500 plants were individually assessed at or after the dent stage (R5). Grain yield ranged from 4.3 to 20.1 Mg ha −1 . In 2018, about 5% of ears were abnormal; in 2019, about 11%, if combined, about 8%. Higher-yielding hybrids were associated with lower percentages of abnormalities. Hybrids, environments, and seeding rates influenced the occurrence of abnormal ears. In most cases, abnormal ears had lower heights in the canopy, suggesting that primary ear loss may be a factor. The results reinforced the overriding hypothesis that ear abnormalities result from environmental, genetic, and management interactions. Depending on the environment, selecting certain hybrids with optimum seeding rates could help mitigate the occurrence of abnormal ears.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weather: Historical and Seasonal Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and seeding rate matter?

et al. 2023

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Grain yield and its contributing traits in promising sweetcorn hybrids

Shahrokhi,

Khorasani,

Ortez

2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The augmentation of domestic sweetcorn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production in semiarid regions necessitates the development of new superior hybrids with high yield potential. This study aimed to identify the most influential characteristics contributing to sweetcorn grain yield in these regions. Nineteen promising sweetcorn hybrids and the commercial hybrid KSC403su as the control were examined using a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 2‐year study (2021–2022) at the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Institute Center (ARREO) in Mashhad, Iran. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant variances attributed to genotype (G) for all studied traits, while year (Y) and G × Y effects were significant for most characteristics. Phenotypic correlations indicated a highly significant association of grain yield with grain depth (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), kernel number per row (r = 0.75, p < 0.01), row number per ear (r = 0.63, p < 0.01), ear length (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), and ear diameter (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) traits. Path analysis results emphasized the critical role of traits such as grain depth, row number per ear, and ear length, showcasing a highly significant positive direct impact on grain yield and also a significantly positive association with grain yield. In this study, hybrids PSM3, PSM4, PSM9, PSM16, and PSM19 exhibited the highest values for grain yield and yield‐contributing traits, suggesting their potential for further research in multiple locations with varying environmental conditions before being recommended to farmers.

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Effect of cover crop species and termination timing on corn growth and seedling disease

Almeida,

Robinson,

Matthiesen‐Anderson

et al. 2024

Agronomy Journal

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Later spring termination of fall‐planted cover crops can result in more biomass production, which has the potential to improve environmental benefits. However, later cover crop termination can also have the potential to harm cash crops, such as through increases in corn seedling disease. With the objective of better understanding such potential competing interactions, we evaluated the impact of early and late termination timing of two cover crops—cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)—on growth, seedling disease, and grain yield of corn in 2021 and 2022 in Nebraska. The total biomass production varied among treatments. Hairy vetch biomass was lower than cereal rye biomass at both termination times in 2021, but not different from cereal rye terminated early in 2022. Radicle root rot severity, a symptom of corn seedling disease, was not affected by cover crops in 2021. In 2022, however, radicle root rot was most severe in cereal rye terminated late treatments. Hairy vetch did not affect radicle root rot severity, regardless of termination time. Late termination of cereal rye resulted in a reduction in corn yield of 15.3% in 2021 and 76.1% in 2022 compared to no cover crop. Corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield was not affected following hairy vetch at either termination timing. Our results suggest that corn planted following late‐terminated cereal rye can increase the severity of root rot and decrease corn grain yield; however, planting green into hairy vetch can be a successful option to increase biomass without increasing corn seedling disease or decreasing corn yield.

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Conditions potentially affecting corn ear formation, yield, and abnormal ears: A review

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and seeding rate matter?

Abnormal ear development in corn: Does hybrid, environment, and seeding rate matter?

Grain yield and its contributing traits in promising sweetcorn hybrids

Effect of cover crop species and termination timing on corn growth and seedling disease

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